Hepatomegaly can be caused by many diseases and is an important clinical sign. In normal adults, the liver is usually not palpable under the rib cage, but in long, thin bodies with soft abdominal walls, the lower edge of the liver can be palpable under the rib cage during deep inspiration, but within 1 cm, and the lower edge of the liver can be palpable under the raphe, mostly within 3 cm, but up to 5 cm under the root of the raphe in long, thin bodies with sharp upper abdominal angles; normal human livers are soft, tough (moderately hard) and hard. If the liver is soft to the touch like the lips of the mouth, it is soft; the normal liver has a smooth surface with neat edges and uniform thickness; the normal liver has no pressure pain. The normal liver is not associated with pulsation. Abnormal findings Liver abnormalities include the location of the lower edge of the liver and abnormalities in the texture, margins, surface and pulsation of the liver. Inferior displacement of the liver is commonly seen in cases of visceral prolapse, emphysema, and massive right-sided pleural effusion resulting in diaphragmatic descent. Diffuse enlargement is seen in hepatitis, hepatic stasis, fatty liver, early cirrhosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, leukemia, schistosomiasis, and schistosomiasis of the Chinese branch. Localized hepatomegaly is often seen or palpable and is seen in liver abscesses, liver tumors, and liver cysts (including liver cysticercosis). The texture of the liver is tough (moderately hard) if it resembles the tip of the nose when touched, which is seen in hepatitis, fatty liver and liver stasis; hard as the forehead when touched, which is seen in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver abscesses or cysts are cystic in nature when there is fluid, and may be volatile to palpation if large and superficial. Abnormal changes in the position of the liver edges are as follows: Blunt and rounded liver edges are commonly seen in fatty liver or liver stasis. The surface of the liver is not smooth and is unevenly nodular, and the margins are not uniformly thick or thin in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma or polycystic liver. Large bulges on the liver surface are seen in giant hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscesses and liver encapsulation disease. A lobulated liver resembling a banana is seen in hepatic syphilis. People who need to be examined Routine physical examination items, abdominal abnormalities