In any matter, the strategy is always based on the purpose. Ten years ago, the purpose of surgery for malignant glioma was to “remove the largest extent of the tumor”, so the corresponding surgical strategy was to remove the tumor as completely or subtotally as possible, so the surgical mortality and disability rates were very high in those days, but the postoperative MRI images were “very good”. Therefore, the mortality and disability rate of surgery were very high in those days, but the postoperative MRI images were “very good”, and the academic communication among peers was based on postoperative MRI images. However, there has been a major shift in the international philosophy of surgical treatment for malignant gliomas now. The aim of surgery for malignant glioma is now “maximum safe tumor resection”, i.e., maximum surgical resection of the tumor while trying to preserve important neurological functions (strongly recommended by evidence-based medicine); conversely, if total or subtotal resection will lead to severe neurological dysfunction or even life-threatening, partial tumor resection should be used as appropriate If total or subtotal resection will lead to severe neurological dysfunction or even life threatening, partial tumor resection or biopsy should be used as appropriate to clarify the histopathological diagnosis of the tumor. (Evidence-based medical recommendation). In other words, when total resection and safety cannot be reconciled, safety is the first priority. Only by trying to protect the patient’s vital neurological functions and removing as much of the tumor as possible under this premise can we have better and faster follow-up radiation and chemotherapy to win longer survival time and better quality of life. Around this concept, the following surgical strategies are available: 1. It is strongly recommended that for primary high-grade or low-grade malignant gliomas confined to the lobes of the brain, the maximum safe resection of the tumor should be sought. According to the growth pattern and blood supply characteristics of glioma, it is recommended to use microscopic neurosurgical techniques to make anatomical microscopic resection along the white matter fiber bundles at the edge of the tumor, using the cerebral sulcus and cerebral gyrus as the boundary, so as to obtain maximum tumor resection with minimal tissue and neurological function damage, and to clarify the histopathological diagnosis. 2. Recommended for: (1) malignant glioma with diffuse infiltrative growth in the dominant hemisphere; (2) malignant glioma lesions invading bilateral cerebral hemispheres; (3) elderly patients (>65 years old), (4) preoperative neurological status and poor quality of survival (KPS <70), (5) malignant glioma in deep brain or brainstem sites, (6) gliomatosis, partial tumor resection or biopsy may be used as appropriate . Partial tumor resection is better than biopsy alone. Biopsy is mainly suitable for lesions adjacent to functional brain areas or in deep locations that cannot be removed clinically. Biopsy includes stereotactic, navigational biopsy and craniotomy biopsy. 3. After reducing the tumor volume as much as possible, lowering the tumor load, and clarifying the histopathological nature, individualized and standardized adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are implemented. The postoperative evaluation of malignant glioma includes the assessment of resection degree, neurological function, and survival quality, as well as the interval of recurrence, survival time, and progression-free survival time. Therefore, long-term postoperative follow-up is very important. Therefore, the academic exchange among peers now not only depends on postoperative MRI images, but also on the patient's postoperative survival quality and survival time. The concept of "human-centeredness" has been truly reflected in the surgical strategy.