Physique refers to the relatively stable characteristics of the human body in terms of morphology and psychological and physiological functions, which are endowed with congenital and influenced by various factors in the process of its growth, development and aging. Professor Wang Qi, a famous physiologist in China, takes the theory of TCM and the study of TCM physique as the starting point and classifies human physique into nine basic types, including pinghe, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm dampness, damp heat, blood stasis, qi yu, and special endowment, etc. Different physique types have their own characteristics in terms of physical characteristics, physiological characteristics, psychological characteristics, pathological reaction states, and pathogenic tendencies, which provide the basis for This provides a model for body identification, disease identification, and evidence-based treatment. Research also shows that human physique is not fixed, and the external environment and developmental conditions, as well as the influence of living conditions, may cause changes in physique. Therefore, for the poor physique, through planned changes in the surrounding environment, improve labor, living conditions and diet and nutrition, as well as strengthen the physical exercise and other positive health measures to improve their resistance to disease, correct their physical bias, so as to achieve the purpose of disease prevention and prolong life. 1.Peaceful quality (Type A) Peaceful quality is a physical state characterized by moderate posture, rosy complexion, full of energy, and strong functional state of the internal organs, which is the most stable and healthy physical quality. The proportion of people who have a calm constitution is about one-third, more men than women, and the older the person is, the less people have a calm constitution. General characteristics: Yin and Yang are in harmony with Qi and blood, and the main characteristics are moderate posture, rosy complexion and full of energy. Physical characteristics: a well-proportioned and robust body. Common manifestations: moist face and complexion, dense and lustrous hair, lustrous gaze, bright nose, good sense of smell, red lips, not easily fatigued, energetic, tolerant of heat and cold, good sleep, good appetite, normal bowel movements, light red tongue, thin white coating, slow and strong pulse. Psychological features: easy-going and cheerful personality. Tendency to develop disease: less frequent illness in general. Adaptability to the external environment: strong adaptability to the natural and social environment. Diet regulation: “Be careful to harmonize the five tastes”, the diet should be light and should not be biased, because the five tastes are biased, it will destroy the balance of the body, such as too acidic to hurt the spleen, too salty to hurt the heart, too sweet to hurt the kidneys, too pungent to hurt the liver, too bitter to hurt the lungs, to achieve a moderate diet, a reasonable mix of coarse and fine foods, eat more grains and cereals, vegetables and fruits, less greasy and spicy things The spicy things. Life conditioning: life should be regular, combined with work and rest, to ensure adequate sleep, quit smoking and limit alcohol, a balanced state of mind. Exercise: according to their own situation, participate in moderate exercise, such as jogging, walking, playing ball, taijiquan, etc. 2.Qi deficiency (Type B) According to Chinese medicine, Qi is the most basic substance that constitutes the human body and maintains the life activities of the human body, with the characteristics of invisible and continuous movement. Qi has six functions, which are propulsion, warmth, defense, consolidation, gasification and nutrition. The lungs are the main source of qi, the kidneys store vital energy, and the spleen and stomach are the “source of qi and blood biochemistry”, so qi deficiency refers to the dysfunction of the lungs, spleen and kidneys, resulting in insufficient qi production. Most children today are pampered and spoiled, so there are few people with Qi deficiency. General characteristics: Insufficient vital energy, with fatigue, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating and other manifestations of qi deficiency as the main characteristics. Physical characteristics: muscles are flabby and insubstantial. Common manifestations: low voice, shortness of breath, lazy speech, easy fatigue, lack of energy, easy sweating, light red tongue, teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, weak pulse. Psychological characteristics: introverted and unadventurous. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to colds, visceral prolapse and other diseases; slow recovery from illness. Adaptability to the external environment: intolerant to wind, cold, heat and dampness. Dietary conditioning: dietary conditioning is advisable to eat more food with the effect of strengthening the spleen and benefiting qi, such as millet, japonica rice, lentils, sweet potatoes, beef, rabbit, chicken, carrots, mushrooms, yams, tofu, potatoes, etc. Life conditioning: qi deficiency quality is most afraid of seasonal changes, the most afraid of the sudden rise and fall of temperature, the most afraid of environmental changes. So that the cold and heat, the wind and rain, the first to fall ill is often qi deficiency body people. So we should pay attention to the increase or decrease of clothes, air circulation, warmth, heat, etc. Exercise: you can do some soft and gentle exercise, such as walking, playing tai chi, and so on, and persistent, should not do overload exercise and a lot of sweating, so as not to damage the right qi. 3.Yang deficiency (Type C) Yang Qi is the driving force of the body’s material metabolism and physiological functions, and it has the function of warming the whole body and maintaining the functions of the internal organs. Yang Qi deficiency will appear cold and physiological activities weaken and decline, Yang deficiency quality is also known as “deficiency cold body”, perennial four body temperature is not warm, body temperature is lower than normal people is the characteristics of Yang deficiency quality, mostly seen in the elderly and women. General characteristics: Insufficient yang energy, mainly characterized by fear of cold, hands and feet are not warm and other deficiency cold performance. Physical characteristics: flabby and insubstantial muscles. Common manifestations: fear of cold, lack of warmth in the hands and feet, preference for hot food, lack of vitality, light, fat and tender tongue, sunken and sluggish pulse. Psychological characteristics: character is mostly quiet and introverted. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to phlegm, swelling, diarrhea and other diseases; susceptible to cold from evil. Adaptability to the external environment: resistant to summer but not to winter; susceptible to wind, cold and dampness. Dietary conditioning: should eat more warm and tonic food, such as beef, mutton, shrimp, loach, eel, ginger, leek and other warm Yang products, less cold food. Life conditioning: We must change some habits that damage yang energy, often drink cold drinks in summer, blowing air conditioning, sleeping in the rain, it is easy to suffer from diseases that hurt yang, such as colds, diarrhea, rheumatism, etc.. Avoid strong labor to prevent excessive sweating from hurting Yang Qi. According to Chinese medicine, Yang deficiency is the further development of Qi deficiency, Yang deficiency often shows poor mood, easy to sad, so we must strengthen the spiritual conditioning, to be good at regulating their emotions, to go to sadness, prevent panic, and joy and anger, and eliminate the influence of bad emotions. Exercise: According to the “spring and summer Yang. Autumn and winter nourish Yin” theory, spring and summer season appropriate to do more outdoor exercise. You can choose a suitable project, such as walking, jogging, taijiquan, five birds play, rope skipping and various ball games, in order to invigorate the yang energy, promote the growth and circulation of yang energy. Appropriate short-distance running and jumping exercises, such as jumping rope and shuttlecock, can invigorate yang energy. 4.Yin deficiency (Type D) Yin deficiency is the opposite of yang deficiency and refers to the pathological phenomenon of essence and blood or fluid deficiency. Because the essence of blood and fluid are Yin, so called Yin deficiency, Yin deficiency people look very healthy, full of energy, but in fact is a false prosperity of “Yin deficiency fire”. It is mostly seen in patients who suffer from internal depletion of yin after a long illness from strain or fever. Since Yin deficiency cannot control fire, fire burns Yin and makes it more deficient, and the two often affect each other. General features: deficiency of yin, mainly characterized by deficiency heat such as dry mouth, dry throat, and heat in the hands and feet. Physical features: thin body shape. Common manifestations: heat in the hands and feet, dry mouth and throat, slightly dry nose, preference for cold drinks, dry stools, red tongue with little fluid, thin pulse. Mental characteristics: impatient, outgoing and active. Tendency to develop disease: susceptible to deficiency labor, loss of essence, sleeplessness, etc.; susceptible to heat from sensation of evil. Adaptability to the external environment: resistant to winter but not to summer; intolerant to heat, heat and dryness. Dietary regimen: Eat more light and dry food. Cooking as far as possible to maintain the original flavor, less seasoning, for onion, ginger, garlic, leek, scallion, pepper spicy and dry products should be eaten less. It is advisable to eat more sesame, glutinous rice, honey, dairy products, vegetables, tofu, fish and other light and nourishing food. For those who have good economic conditions, they can eat bird’s nest, silver fungus, sea cucumber, turtle meat, turtle meat, Cordyceps sinensis stewed old male duck. Life conditioning: Yin deficiency people are impatient, often irritable, according to Chinese medicine, this is the reason for Yin deficiency fire, fire disturbing the gods. Therefore, we should strengthen self-cultivation, consciously develop the habit of calm and composure. Less participation in recreational activities to win or lose. Avoid staying up late, overworking and mental tension. Exercise: only suitable for small and medium intensity, intermittent physical exercise, can choose taijiquan, taiji sword, qigong, etc.. Exercise to control the amount of sweating, timely replenishment of water. If your skin is dry, you can swim more. Sauna is not suitable. 5, phlegm damp quality (E type) “wet” is divided into internal wet and external wet, external wet refers to air humidity, environmental humidity, such as rain, dampness, etc., external dampness will invade the body and cause disease; internal wet refers to the body’s gasification function dysfunction so that the fluid stops gathering, or because of excessive water diet, or because of drinking wine, cheese, cold drinks, and the body fluid gathering stop and The formation of internal dampness. This kind of physique is mostly accompanied by spleen and stomach dysfunction, endocrine disorders, etc.. Mostly seen in obese people, or people who are thin and now fat. It is a relatively common type of physique at present, and is greatly related to the over-eating of fatty, sweet and thick flavors in daily life and the reduction of exercise. General characteristics: phlegm and dampness cohesion, with the main characteristics of physical obesity, abdominal fat, mucous and greasy mouth and other phlegm and dampness manifestations. Physical characteristics: obese body shape, abdominal fat and flabby. Common manifestations: more facial skin oil, sweaty and sticky, chest tightness, more phlegm, sticky or sweet mouth, fondness for fatty, sweet and sticky food, greasy tongue coating, slippery pulse. Psychological characteristics: mild and stable personality, good at patience. Tendency to develop diseases: prone to thirst, stroke, chest paralysis and other diseases. Adaptability to external environment: poor adaptability to rainy season and wet and heavy environment. Dietary regimen: The first priority in food therapy is to give up fatty, sweet and thick taste, abstain from alcohol, and most importantly, avoid overeating and eating too fast. Should always eat light and mild food, eat more vegetables and fruits, especially some food with spleen and dampness, remove phlegm, such as white radish, onion, purple cabbage, white fruit, dates, lentils, coix seeds, red beans, broad beans, cabbage, etc. Should limit the intake of salt, should not eat more fat, sweet, greasy, sour and astringent food. Life conditioning: attention should not live in a humid environment, in the rainy season, we should pay attention to the invasion of dampness; clothing should be breathable to disperse moisture, often sunbathing, enjoy sunbathing. Exercise: exercise is qi regulation, conducive to the operation and metabolism of fluids, improve physical fitness. It is generally advisable to choose a medium-intensity exercise; if you choose a less intense exercise program for exercise, the daily exercise time should be properly extended, to ensure that there is enough exercise, weight loss effect can come out. Such as hiking, jogging, cycling, table tennis, badminton, tennis, martial arts, swimming, fitness dance, etc. can be chosen. For people who are overweight and have very poor land exercise ability, swimming is a better choice. 6, damp-heat quality (F type) damp-heat refers to excessive dampness in the body, into internal heat, dampness and heat at the same time, in the body’s response, both wet features, but also the characteristics of heat, the specific performance of different parts of the damp-heat and different, usually referred to as damp-heat refers to damp-heat deep internal organs, especially the spleen and stomach of damp-heat, visible as stuffy abdominal fullness, nausea and anorexia, loose stools, urine red; other such as liver and gallbladder damp-heat manifested as Liver swelling and pain, bitter mouth and poor appetite, or body and eyes yellow, or hot and cold; bladder damp-heat see frequent urination, urinary urgency, painful urination; large intestine damp-heat see abdominal pain and diarrhea, or even urgency, diarrhea, pus and blood stool, burning anus. Damp-heat is a transitional physique, few people in old age is still a predominantly damp-heat physique. General characteristics: Damp-heat is contained within the body, with damp-heat manifestations such as oily face, bitter mouth and yellowish moss as the main characteristics. Physical characteristics: medium or thin body shape. Common manifestations: oily face, acne, bitter and dry mouth, heavy and sleepy body, sticky or dry stools, short and yellow urine, damp scrotum in men and increased dribbling in women, red tongue, yellow and greasy moss, slippery pulse. Psychological characteristics: easily irritable and anxious. Tendency to develop diseases: susceptible to sores, jaundice, hot gonorrhea, etc. Adaptability to the external environment: It is difficult to adapt to the hot and humid climate, heavy humidity or high temperature environment in late summer and early autumn. Dietary regimen: because heat is often dependent on dampness and exists, so it is not advisable to overeat, alcohol, eat less fatty foods, sweet products, to maintain good digestive function, to avoid water and dampness within the stop or dampness from the outside, which is the key to prevent dampness and heat. Eat more food with damp heat, such as pumpkin, goldenseal, lettuce, winter melon, carp, red beans, coix seeds, corn, etc.. Spicy food such as chili, mustard, pepper, etc. can help damp heat in the body to grow, eat less is appropriate. Life conditioning: avoid living in low-lying humid places, living environment should be dry, ventilation. Summer heat and humidity heavy season, to reduce the time of outdoor activities. Do not stay up late or overworked, must maintain adequate and regular sleep. Because staying up late hurts the liver and gallbladder, will affect the liver and gallbladder qi rise, easy to produce damp heat. Exercise: exercise, suitable for doing high-intensity, high-volume exercise, such as long-distance running, swimming, mountain climbing, a variety of balls, martial arts, etc., can consume excess heat in the body, excrete excess water, to achieve the purpose of clearing heat and dampness. In the process of exercise such as sweating too much, remember not to immediately drink a lot of cool water, not to wash your hair or bath with cool water, otherwise it is easy to cause cold damp paralysis. Summer due to high temperatures and humidity, it is best to choose to exercise in the early morning or evening when it is cooler. 7.Blood stasis (G type) The main symptom of blood stasis is that the blood in the whole body is sluggish and does not run smoothly, there is a potential tendency of blood stasis, in cold climate, emotional disorders, etc., it is easy to have blood stagnation or blockage, that is, blood stasis, in what part of the body, what part of the body will be dark and blue, pain, dryness and itching, swelling and lumps, impaired function. The typical stasis of blood is predominantly thin in shape. Depressed and dull expressions, inflexible facial muscles, forgetfulness and memory loss are common. Also, because the Liver Qi is not stretched, the heart is often irritable. General characteristics: Poor blood flow, with dull complexion, purple tongue and other blood stasis as the main characteristics. Physical features: both fat and thin. Common manifestations: dull complexion, hyperpigmentation, easily appearing petechiae, dull mouth and lips, dull tongue or petechiae, purple and dull or thickened veins under the tongue, and astringent pulse. Psychological features: easily irritable, forgetful. Pathogenic tendency: prone to obstruction and pain, blood, etc. Adaptability to external environment: intolerance to cold. Dietary management: pay attention to adjusting one’s own qi and blood, eat more black beans, soybeans, mushrooms, eggplant, sheep’s blood, seaweed, kelp, purple cabbage, carrots, kumquats, oranges, grapefruit, peaches, vinegar, roses, yellow wine, wine and other foods that have the effect of activating blood stasis, moving qi and dispersing knots, and relieving depression in the liver. Eat less greasy and cold products. Life conditioning: Early to bed and early to rise is very important. Blood stasis is mainly due to liver qi discomfort, sleep before ziqi to ensure the renewal of liver blood. Typical blood stasis is characterized by emotional discomfort and internal depression, so attention should be paid to cultivating optimism. Therefore, it is important to cultivate an optimistic mood. A happy spirit is conducive to the improvement of blood stasis. On the contrary, if such a person is caught in the mood of bitterness and depression, it will aggravate the tendency of blood stasis. Participate in group activities with optimistic and cheerful people. Develop some interests, immerse yourself in a hobby, and experience the pleasure of concentrating. Exercise: Do more activities that are good for heart and lung function. If the heart and lung function are aroused, it will help to dissipate blood stasis, such as various dances, taijiquan, baduanjin, dynamic pile work, longevity work, internal health care exercises, and health care massage techniques can be done. In general, the principle is to move all parts of the body to help the blood and qi flow. However, middle-aged and elderly people with blood stasis should not participate in strenuous, explosive and competitive sports. If there are uncomfortable symptoms such as chest tightness, difficulty in breathing, or significant acceleration of pulse during exercise, stop exercising and go to the hospital for further examination. 8, qi depression quality (H type) qi depression quality is due to long-term emotional instability, qi stagnation and the formation of introverted personality instability, depression and vulnerability, sensitivity and worry as the main performance of the physique. The qi-depressed person is introverted, lacks communication with the outside world, and is in a depressed state when his or her emotions do not reach him or her, which can lead to poor blood flow and seriously affect health. The qi-depression quality is the most common physique of people with high work pressure, such as white-collar workers, administrators, etc., especially women. Overall characteristics: qi stagnation, with depression, worry and vulnerability and other qi depression performance as the main characteristics. Physical characteristics: thin body is the most common. Common manifestations: depression, emotional vulnerability, boredom, light red tongue, thin white fur, string pulse. Psychological characteristics: introverted and unstable personality, sensitive and anxious. Pathogenic tendency: susceptible to dirty agitation, plum kernel gas, lily disease and depression. Adaptability to external environment: poor adaptability to mental stimuli; not adaptable to rainy weather. Dietary regimen: qi-depressed quality has the potential tendency of qi stagnation, should be selected with the food with the function of qi relief, regulate the spleen and stomach, such as barley, buckwheat, sorghum, knife beans, mushrooms, tempeh, bitter gourd, radish, onion, chrysanthemum, rose, etc.. Eat less astringent and sour things, such as umeboshi, pumpkin, pomegranate, prunes, sour dates, plums, lemons, etc., so as not to block the qi, qi stagnation is blood clotting. Qi-depressed people are prone to fire, so avoid spicy food, coffee, tea and other stimulating products (especially before going to bed). Also do not eat more cold food, such as ice cream, ice cream, frozen drinks, etc. Life conditioning: worry, depression and anger, mental distress is the cause of depression, so mental health and spiritual conditioning is very important, for the more introverted personality, develop a positive sense of competition and fighting spirit, participate in social activities, collective recreational activities, develop a cheerful, open-minded character, improve the mood, open-minded, do not suffer from loss, contentedness and happiness. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, early to bed and early to rise, to ensure that there is sufficient sleep time. Sports and exercise: participate in sports and tourism activities. Because sports and tourism activities can exercise the body, transport the blood. Especially tourism, not only to enjoy the natural beauty, conditioning the spirit, but also to breathe fresh air, warm sunshine, enhance physical fitness. 9, special endowment (type I) special endowment is also known as special physical defects, allergies. The word “special” refers to special endowment. It refers to the special state of the physique caused by genetic factors and congenital factors, mainly including allergies, genetic diseases, fetal transmission of the physique (congenital abnormalities or physiological defects), etc.. General characteristics: congenital disorders, with physiological defects, allergic reactions, etc. as the main characteristics. Morphological characteristics: allergic individuals are generally not special; those with congenital abnormalities of endowment may have deformities or physiological defects. Common manifestations: asthma, wind mass, itchy throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, etc. are common in allergic individuals; those suffering from hereditary diseases have vertical inheritance, congenital, familial characteristics; those suffering from fetal transmission diseases have maternal influence on individual fetal growth and development and related disease characteristics. Psychological characteristics: vary according to the endowment. The tendency to develop disease: allergic individuals are prone to asthma, urticaria, hay fever and drug allergy; hereditary diseases such as hemophilia and congenital dysmorphia; fetus-borne diseases such as the five delays (delay in standing, walking, hair, teeth and speech), the five softnesses (soft head, soft neck, soft hands and feet, soft muscles and soft mouth), craniosynostosis and fetal shock. Adaptability to the external environment: poor adaptability, such as allergy sufferers to the allergy-prone season poor adaptability, easy to cause persistent disease. Dietary conditioning: Diet should be light, balanced, with a proper mix of coarse and fine, and a reasonable combination of meat and vegetables. Eat more food to benefit the qi and fix the table, eat less buckwheat (containing allergenic substances buckwheat fluorescein), fava beans, white lentils, beef, goose, carp, shrimp, crab, eggplant and wine, chili and other spicy products, and should avoid fishy hair and food containing allergenic substances. Avoid eating all kinds of allergy-causing foods to reduce the chance of attack. Avoid eating cold, fatty, oily and various “hairy” products, such as fish, shrimp, crab, chili, fatty meat, strong tea, coffee, etc., to avoid triggering the disease. Life conditioning: avoid contact with allergic substances, such as dust mites, pollen, paint, etc. Keep the room well ventilated and clean, and wash and dry bedding and bed sheets frequently to prevent allergy to dust mites. When there is more outdoor pollen in spring, reduce the time spent outdoors to prevent allergy to pollen. It is not advisable to keep pets to avoid allergy to animal fur and secretions. Get up and live regularly and get enough sleep. Exercise: actively participate in various physical exercises to enhance physical fitness. Exercise in cold weather should pay attention to the cold to keep warm, to prevent colds. In short, the formation of the physique, first of all, the individual physique inherited its own family genetic characteristics, in the process of growth and development is a continuous evolution of the regular process, so it has the characteristics of stability. At the same time, individual physique is influenced by climate, diet, mood and various social environments, and will make corresponding adaptive changes, both due to the influence of adverse factors and the formation of various abnormal physique, but also through reasonable conditioning, abnormal to normal, or close to normal physique. As long as the key is grasped and various means are reasonably used, the physique can be enhanced and diseases can be prevented. This is also an important means to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of diseases by adjusting the biased physique using the principle of treating the untreated disease.