Stroke is usually a cerebrovascular accident with high morbidity, disability and mortality, and its prevention measures are mainly to identify and intervene in cerebrovascular disease risk factors, which is the key to reduce the morbidity and mortality of stroke. Risk factors of stroke include two categories of interventionable and non-interventionable, among which interventionable factors are the main target of stroke prevention, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, atherosclerosis, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, etc. (1) Control hypertension, hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke, the higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of stroke, patients should regularly monitor blood pressure, limit salt intake, reduce dietary fat content, reduce weight, appropriate physical exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol, maintain an optimistic attitude, and adhere to oral antihypertensive drug therapy. (2) Treatment of heart disease, heart disease often causes cerebral embolism, the most important of which is atrial fibrillation, preventive measures are mainly to take anticoagulants, commonly used oral anticoagulants for warfarin, so that the international normalized ratio (INR) control at 2.0 ~ 3.0; new oral anticoagulant dabigatranate can also be used for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. For coronary heart disease and heart failure, the primary disease should be actively treated; for valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and oval foramen ovale unclosed, surgical treatment can be performed as appropriate. (3) Treatment of diabetes mellitus, the risk of stroke in diabetic patients is 1.8~6 times higher than that of the general population. Patients with diabetes mellitus should control their diet and strengthen physical exercise, and those whose blood sugar control is still unsatisfactory in 2~3 months should be treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin under the guidance of a doctor. (4) Treatment of hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. Patients with hyperlipidemia are prone to atherosclerosis due to high blood lipids and should be treated with diet control and physical exercise, supplemented by medication, such as statins; hyperhomocysteinemia can increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease by 2 to 3 times and also increase the risk of stroke. (5) Pay attention to diet and nutrition, daily dietary variety should be diversified, using balanced recipes including fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and low total fat and saturated fat content, recommended salt intake ≤6g/d, daily total fat intake should be <30% of total calories and saturated fat <10%. (6) Appropriate sports and exercise. Middle-aged and elderly people and hypertensive patients should have heart-related examinations before exercise to assess exercise limits and develop individualized exercise programs. Adults in good health should have at least 5 days per week, 30-45 minutes of physical activity per day, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling or other aerobic exercise. (7) Rational application of aspirin is recommended in people with a sufficiently high risk of stroke, and aspirin and other antiplatelet agents are not recommended for people with low risk. (8) Limit the amount of alcohol consumption, which should be moderate and not alcoholic. In addition, regular medical checkups for high-risk groups to detect hidden problems early and timely medical treatment to avoid sequelae to the greatest extent possible are important parts of stroke prevention. In summary, there are many risk factors for stroke, and people with risk factors should proactively screen and control these risk factors through early changes in unhealthy lifestyles and regular medical checkups so as to prevent or delay the occurrence of stroke.