Hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus) is an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull. In addition to neurological signs, there is often mental decline or dementia. Hydrocephalus is a persistent condition caused by intracranial diseases that lead to increased cerebrospinal fluid secretion or (and) impaired circulation and absorption, resulting in increased intracranial cerebrospinal fluid volume and ventricular enlargement, and belongs to the category of “cranial dissolution” in Chinese medicine. In children, the symptoms include enlarged skull, enlarged fontanelle, tension and fullness, cranial suture dehiscence, incompatible healing, sunset eyes, vomiting, convulsions, language and motor disorders, and mental retardation; in adults, the symptoms include intermittent headache, head swelling, head sinking, dizziness, tinnitus and ear blockage, vision loss, and limb weakness. Hydrocephalus is not a disease, it is a pathological result caused by a variety of etiologies. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull increases due to cranio-cerebral disorders that cause excessive secretion or impaired circulation and absorption, and enlargement of the ventricular system or subarachnoid cavity, usually due to obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway and malabsorption, while excessive secretion is less common. Clinical findings are inconsistent and are related to the age at which the pathological changes appear, the severity of the pathology, and the duration of the disease. Congenital hydrocephalus in the fetus mostly results in stillbirth, and hydrocephalus may appear at any age after birth, mostly in the first 6 months of life. In younger patients, the cranial sutures are not joined and the head is easily enlarged, so there are fewer symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Hydrocephalus manifests itself primarily as a rapid, progressive enlargement of the infant’s head weeks or months after birth. In normal infants, the head circumference increases by 1.2-1.3 cm per month in the earliest six months, but in this case, it is 2-3 times larger, with a round skull, frontal protrusion, abnormal enlargement of the fornix, enlarged and bulging fontanelle, separation of the cranial suture, thinning of the skull and even transparency, and the “broken pot” (Maceen) sign on percussion. The temporal frontal area shows angry veins, the eye is downwardly rotated, and the upper sclera is often exposed (sunset sign). The infant is depressed and cannot lift the head. In severe cases, brain dysfunction may be associated with epilepsy, visual and olfactory disturbances, nystagmus, strabismus, limb paralysis, and mental retardation. Because of the compensatory enlargement of the infant’s head, headache, vomiting, and optic nerve papillomegaly are not obvious.