Pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common type of pulmonary mycosis, mostly secondary to chronic lung disease in cavities with a history of regular use of antibiotics, antituberculosis or hormones. All 36 cases in our group were secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, with the largest ratio of 80.6% secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, which is slightly lower than the literature 87.5%. Because of the high number of pulmonary tuberculosis comorbidities, it is especially easy to combine with diabetes mellitus, thus causing more difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The clinical diagnosis is mostly based on the primary history, X-ray presentation, sputum mycobacterial culture or fibrinoscopic lung biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Internal treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis mostly uses mycobacterial drugs orally or by nebulized inhalation, but the efficacy is poor. And because the disease is secondary, so the treatment of the primary disease can not be ignored. As the disease has a long-term application of antibiotics. Anti-TB drugs or hormone history, and more drug resistance, so the choice of effective drugs is more difficult, which is also a reason for the poor efficacy. Therefore, clinically, once the diagnosis of varicoceles infection is confirmed, there are different opinions on whether to routinely surgically remove the lesion in surgical treatment. Most believe that because of the unsatisfactory pharmacological treatment of varicellosis, the high incidence of hemoptysis, and the possibility of hemoptysis, aggressive surgical treatment is indicated if not contraindicated. In contrast, Jewkes points out that surgical resection is only indicated for patients who have developed severe hemoptysis and believes that heavy vascular adhesions and high bleeding make pneumonectomy risky. In our group, there was a case of old tuberculosis combined with mycobacterial ball, diabetes mellitus, hemoptysis undergoing total pneumonectomy, with much intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative death from hemorrhagic shock. However, according to the results reported in this group, we believe that for pulmonary mycobacterial ball infection, if there is no contraindication to surgery, active surgical treatment should be performed. It is only in the choice of surgical modality that lobectomy is preferred, and total pneumonectomy should be avoided as much as possible to avoid lung segmentation or wedge resection. For patients whose preoperative bleeding site is not easily determined, surgery should be cautious. In our group, there was a case of upper lobe resection due to mycobacterial infection with hemoptysis, and hemoptysis was still intermittent after surgery, and then the remaining lung was resected 1 year later, and hemoptysis stopped. This should be taken as a warning.