Vaginal factors
Congenital factors such as vaginal atresia or vaginal septum cause disorders or difficulties in sexual intercourse, thus affecting sperm entry into the female reproductive tract.
Inflammation of the vagina caused by mycobacteria, trichomonas, gonococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia and other infections changes the biochemical environment of the vagina and reduces sperm vitality and viability, thus affecting conception.
Cervical factors
Congenital abnormalities, atresia or stenosis, polyps, erosions, tumors and adhesions in the cervical canal can affect the passage of sperm; the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus is not conducive to sperm penetration of the cervical canal or completely makes sperm inactive.
Uterus factors
Congenital absence of uterus, infantile uterus and uterine malformation can affect female fertility. Uterine fibroids, endometriosis, endometrial inflammation, endometrial polyps, endometrial tuberculosis, and uterine adhesions are all causes of infertility.
Fallopian tube factors
Long or narrow fallopian tubes, occlusion, fluid accumulation or adhesions caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes can prevent the movement of sperm, eggs or fertilized eggs. Tubal disease can account for 25% of female infertility and is an important cause of infertility.
Ovarian factors
Ovarian insufficiency, luteal insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian tumors and other factors that affect follicle development or egg discharge can cause infertility.
Endocrine factors
Imperfect regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, manifested as anovulatory menstruation, amenorrhea or luteal dysfunction, are all possible causes of infertility.
Hyper- or hypothyroidism and hyper- or hypoadrenocorticism can also affect ovarian function and prevent ovulation.
Congenital factors
Severe congenital hypoplasia of the reproductive system, which is often associated with primary amenorrhea. Sex chromosomal abnormalities, such as Turner’s syndrome, true and false hermaphroditism, and habitual abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities.
Systemic factors
Nutritional disorders, metabolic diseases, chronic wasting diseases, simple obesity, etc. Physical factors such as consumption of raw cotton seed oil, toxic chemicals, radiation exposure, microwave, etc.
Psychoneurological factors
Plant nervous system dysfunction, psychosis, environmental amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, pseudopregnancy, etc.
Others
Immune infertility, blood group incompatibility (such as habitual abortion or stillbirth caused by Rh blood group or ABO hemolysis), etc.