The causes of female infertility can be summarized into two major categories: congenital physiological defects and acquired pathological changes. Both can cause organic lesions of female reproductive organs or endocrine dysfunction and result in infertility. The proportion of infertility caused by congenital physiological defects is low, while the proportion of causes caused by acquired pathology is high, which are summarized as follows: 1. Vulvar abnormalities: plus hemianopia, vulvar atrophy and adhesion, vulvar tumor, vulvar ulcer, and vulvar trauma can affect pregnancy. (2) Vaginal abnormalities: 1) Abnormal hair: hymenal atresia, stenosis, stiffness, congenital absence of vagina, longitudinal and transverse vaginal septum, vaginal stenosis or upper segment atresia can all cause infertility. (2) Vaginal inflammation: Infections such as trichomonas, mycobacteria and bacteria destroy the natural defense function of the vagina, change the normal acidic environment and cause vaginal inflammation, all of which can reduce the motility of sperm and shorten the survival time of sperm, resulting in temporary infertility. (3) Cervical abnormalities: (1) Developmental abnormalities and inflammation: such as cervical absence, stenosis, laxity, dysplasia, cervical longitudinal septum, cervical adhesions, post-conjunctomy, cervical inflammation, polyps and fibroids, etc. can cause infertility. (2) Abnormal cervical mucus: too little secretion, too thick, all cannot be conceived. (4) Uterus abnormalities: (1) congenital developmental abnormalities: congenital absence of uterus, various uterine malformations, such as unicornuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, navicular uterus, double uterus, transverse or longitudinal uterus, infantile uterus, etc. can cause infertility. (2) Atrophy of the uterus: such as breastfeeding, old age, excessive uptake of the uterine endowment, tuberculosis, anemia, metabolic diseases, and ovarian function decline can lead to uterine atrophy causing infertility. (3) Others: uterine fibroids, endometriosis, endometrial polyps, adenocarcinoma of the uterine body, endometritis, endometrial adhesions, abnormal endometrial function, abnormal uterine position, uterine prolapse, etc. are all unfavorable to conception. 5, abnormal fallopian tubes: 20% to 40% of female infertility cannot be conceived because of incompetent fallopian tubes. Common causes are tubal inflammation, abnormal tubal morphology, tubal spasm, tubal tuberculosis, tubal effusion, etc. (6) Ovarian anomalies: (1) congenital developmental anomalies: gonadal insufficiency, chromosomal chromatin abnormalities, true hemizygosity, cold nine feminization, lack of follicular tissue in the ovary, vulvar organ and ovarian insufficiency, multiple lost ovaries, etc. can cause infertility. (2) Others: Ovarian inflammation, abnormal ovarian position, ovarian endometriosis, ovarian tumors, ovarian insufficiency, etc. are all causes of infertility. 7. pelvic and peritoneal abnormalities: pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal endometriosis, etc. can cause infertility. 8, endocrine abnormalities: endocrine imbalance between hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries can affect ovarian function and cause infertility due to irregular menstruation, absence of menstruation and scanty menstruation. 9. Psychoneurological abnormalities: excessive mental tension, or in serious cases, mental “child-seeking mania” can cause endocrine disorders and infertility. (10) Systemic diseases: (1) Acute infectious diseases such as mumps, scarlet fever, cholera, congenital syphilis, tuberculosis and other diseases can damage the ovaries or affect their function and cause infertility. (2) Chemical and physical factors: such as lead and mercury poisoning, smoking, alcohol consumption, radioactive factors, environmental changes, vitamin deficiencies, etc. can also have an effect on conception. 11. Infertility of unknown cause: After systematic examination of the causes of infertility, about 10% of the cases are not found to have a clear cause of infertility by both parties. In addition, immune factors can also cause infertility. The sperm of a man enters the vagina of a woman and acts as an allogeneic protein antigen, causing antibodies in the woman’s body. In some women, this immune reaction is particularly strong, causing the sperm to coalesce and lose its activity, leading to infertility.