Cancer-related knowledge

  World Cancer Day is designated by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) on February 4 every year. The theme of World Cancer Day 2012 is “Togetheritispossible”, which aims to call on the whole society to carry out relevant activities for different groups (youth, middle-aged, elderly, cancer patients, patients’ families and the general public, etc.) from different levels (government agencies, oncology research and treatment institutions, as well as governmental and civil organizations specialized in fighting against cancer) and gradually establish a sustainable system of cancer prevention and control.  Why Cancer Incidence Rises Year by Year The global cancer incidence continues to rise for two main reasons: first, the global aging trend and population growth; second, the increase of behavioral activities related to carcinogenicity. According to the report of World Health Organization, there were about 12.7 million new cancer patients and 7.6 million deaths from cancer worldwide in 2008, especially in developing countries, the number of new cancer cases reached 56%, and it is speculated that the global cancer incidence will increase by 50% by 2020, i.e. 15 million new cancer patients will be added every year. Not only that, but the number of cancer deaths is also rising rapidly worldwide, and this number may increase to 13.2 million in 2030. Breast cancer is the most common tumor among female patients, while lung cancer is the most common tumor among male patients. The current rate of malignant tumor patients in Shanghai has exceeded 1%, and the absolute number of current patients is over 130,000.  What are the main killers among cancer-causing factors Smoking is the number one killer. About 20% of cancer deaths are closely related to “smoking”, and smoking is a high-risk factor for more than one third of cancers, the more you smoke, the longer you smoke and the earlier you start, the higher the chance of cancer. Eighty percent of lung cancers are caused by long-term smoking, and smoking is most closely related to lung cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer and cervical cancer, and other tumors. Smokers have a significantly higher incidence of tumors than nonsmokers, and the more they smoke daily, the younger they start smoking, and the longer they smoke, the greater their risk of developing cancer. Effective tobacco control can significantly curb the increase of cancer incidence and mortality. With the world’s largest number of smokers, 300 million, plus an unimaginable number of passive smokers, effective tobacco control is an urgent task before the government. For smokers, it is more important to start with themselves, to be responsible for their families and society, and should remember: it is never too late to quit smoking, and the sooner the better.  Unhealthy and unbalanced eating habits. High fat, high protein, high calorie, low fiber, lack of (iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, etc.) trace elements and excessive alcohol consumption are closely related to the development of cancer. The World Cancer Research Fund recommends a diet based on plant-based foods, including eating different types of fruits and vegetables every day. Fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer, and people who eat more fruits and vegetables are generally less likely to be overweight. Moderate consumption of red meat (such as beef, pork and lamb) and avoidance of processed meats can help control the risk of cancer. Studies have shown that excessive consumption of some alcoholic beverages is a cause of many cancers. Therefore, reducing the amount of alcoholic beverages can effectively reduce the risk of cancer. Instead of relying on nutritional supplements to prevent cancer, it is recommended that people should absorb the nutrients they need from food.  Some other cancer-causing factors. Environmental pollution, for example, may lead to long-term stimulation of carcinogens and the development of malignant tumors.  ”Participate” in the fight against cancer Increase awareness of the “harmonious balance” of your body. Although human beings have not yet overcome cancer, they have already mastered some knowledge about the causes of cancer and preventive interventions, and at least 40% of cancers can be prevented through active prevention and intervention. People should break the pessimistic concept of “talking about cancer” and look at it scientifically and dialectically. Every healthy individual has “proto-oncogene”, genetic and chromosomal abnormalities to varying degrees, which is also known as genetic susceptibility, but under the monitoring of “oncogene” and normal immune system, it is in a balanced state and will not produce lesions. The occurrence of cancer is the result of multiple factors. When the aforementioned high-risk factors (three major killers) stimulate the body’s defense balance mechanism, the “proto-oncogene” will be activated and the abnormal genetic characteristics will produce the oncogenic phenotype, which will eventually produce tumors through a complex cancer process. For example, pancreatic cancer is a recent tumor that has attracted a lot of attention, as Pavarotti and Apple CEO Steve Jobs (endocrine pancreatic cancer) both passed away because of it. In other words, we have a window of more than 10 years to prevent it, detect it early and treat it effectively. A healthy lifestyle, a positive and optimistic attitude towards life, and scientific knowledge of cancer prevention are the three elements to maintain a “harmonious and balanced” health status of our body.  The “integrated and synergistic” treatment model of multiple methods to deal with cancer. If cancer can be detected at an early stage and treated in a timely manner, 1/3 of cancers can be cured. Throughout the progress of clinical tumor diagnosis and treatment, multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment has become the model and development direction of tumor treatment, which requires the participation of multiple disciplines, the common understanding of different disciplines in oncology, and the solidarity and cooperation between disciplines, so that the tumor treatment can be improved from a single method to the combination of multiple methods. Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Fudan University has been advocating multidisciplinary integrated treatment mode, and has formed several high-level treatment teams (Mu1ti-discip1inaryteamMDT) earlier in China, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, urological system tumor, chest tumor, pancreatic hepatobiliary tumor, etc. Each team is composed of surgery, radiotherapy, pathology, traditional Chinese and Western medicine, medical oncology, medical oncology, radiology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, etc. Department of Radiation Diagnosis, Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, and basic tumor researchers. The collaborative team provides specialized medical services for tumor patients, formulates thorough and informative treatment plans through multidisciplinary discussions, applies the principles of evidence-based medicine, formulates mutually agreed treatment plans for specific cases in line with current research directions, shortens and optimizes the time and process from diagnosis to treatment, provides the best treatment plan for patients, strives to improve the cure rate and prolong patients’ survival.  We care for every cancer patient by “participating together”. Every cancer patient should be treated scientifically and helped by the whole society. Not only the treatment service of medical institutions, but also a good family environment and a caring community atmosphere are very important. The Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association has always taken the responsibility of serving cancer patients in the city with scientific propaganda, and hopes to be a link to integrate medical institutions, medical personnel, patients and their families, as well as all walks of life related to the cause of fighting cancer, to participate together to achieve the miracle of fighting cancer.