Amebic granuloma of the cecum is caused by a prolonged failure to heal the lesion, which produces a large amount of fibrous tissue, inflammatory infiltration and edema of the mesentery and intestinal wall, resulting in a granuloma-like mass and narrowing of the intestinal lumen or impaired movement of the intestinal wall causing intestinal obstruction. What are the main causes of amebic granuloma of the cecum? The main cause of amebic granuloma of the cecum is a complication of chronic colitis caused by tissue infection with Amoeba protozoa. Amoebas, also known as “brain-eating parasites”, are known to cause amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses in endamoeba spp. and meningoencephalitis, keratitis, oral infections and skin lesions in Negri and Echinococcus spp. Clinically, amoebas in lysate tissue cause many cases, and the infection is widespread and harmful. Free-living amoebas exist in water, air and soil all over the world and were not considered relevant to human pathogenesis in the past. When people swim in rivers, lakes and ponds or wash their noses with epidemic water, narghile-containing amoebas enter the nasal cavity, proliferate through the nasal mucosa and sieve plate, travel up the olfactory nerve into the brain, and invade the central nervous system, causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. The invasiveness may be mainly due to the production of toxins or cytolytic substances to enhance phagocytic activity, and phospholipase A and lysosomal enzymes on the surface of the worm contribute to the pathogenesis. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis has an acute onset and progresses rapidly. It starts with headache, fever, and vomiting, and rapidly turns into delirium, paralysis, and coma, and death can occur within a week at the earliest. The damage is mainly manifested as acute widespread hemorrhagic necrotizing meningoencephalitis with a large number of trophozoites in the cerebrospinal fluid and focal tissue.