The pathogenesis of migraine is still unclear, and the onset of the disease is widespread, mostly in children and adolescents, with a peak in middle-aged and young adults, and mostly in women. Migraines not only cause severe pain, but also severely reduce the quality of life of patients and cause anxiety and depression; in addition, long-term migraine is closely related to cerebrovascular disease, and the probability of cerebrovascular disease is higher than that of the general population due to long-term recurrent migraine attacks. At present, medication has been proven to be very ineffective, and for refractory and intractable migraine, surgery should be further adopted for treatment. Is minimally invasive surgery for multi-year migraine effective? Recent clinical medical research has found that migraine is caused by the misaligned relationship between blood vessels and nerves. The original accompanying blood vessels and nerves, under certain factors, produce intertwined entanglement and adhesion compression, thus increasing the concentration of pain-causing neurotransmitters in the blood and causing the nerves to transmit pain signals, so the key to migraine treatment is to release the compression of the blood vessels on the nerves. The microvascular decompression procedure currently performed in the field of migraine treatment is guided by a high-definition microscope and acts directly on the diseased blood vessels, isolating them from the nerves and protecting them with special materials, thus restoring normal nerve function. The procedure is a very advanced and mature minimally invasive surgery, with an incision of only 3-5 cm on the scalp and few postoperative complications, and is extremely effective in the treatment of migraine, especially for intractable migraine.