Headache is one of the common clinical symptoms, usually refers to the pain confined to the upper part of the skull, including the arch of the eyebrow, the upper edge of the ear wheel and the area above the line of the external occipital ridge. Migraine: It is the most common type of primary headache, mainly manifested by episodic moderate-to-severe, throbbing headache, which is mostly hemiplegic, usually lasts 4 to 72 hours, and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and the headache can be aggravated by light and sound stimulation or daily activities, and can be relieved by quiet environment and rest. Migraine is a common chronic neurovascular disorder that starts in childhood and adolescence and peaks in middle-aged and young adults, with a male to female ratio of 1:2-3. The basis of migraine is the trigeminal neurovascular complex. Intracranial pain-sensitive tissues such as cerebral vessels, meningeal vessels and venous sinuses, and their perivascular nerve fibers enter the trigeminal ganglion with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, or enter the posterior roots of 1 and 2 cervical nerves (C1 and C2) from the posterior cranial fossa; both of them send out nerve fibers to the trigeminal nerve cervical complex after the transposition of the trigeminal ganglion and the C1 and C2 spinal ganglia. The trigeminal cervical complex emits nerve fibers that project to the thalamus via brainstem crossings. The peripheral pain mechanism of this doctrine suggests that damage to the trigeminal ganglion may be the neural basis for migraine production. When the trigeminal ganglion and its fibers are stimulated, they cause an increase in the release of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and other neuropeptides. These active substances act on the adjacent cerebral vascular wall, causing vasodilatation and pulsatile headache, as well as increased vascular permeability, plasma protein leakage, sterile inflammation, and stimulation of nociceptive fibers to the center, creating a vicious circle. The goals of migraine treatment are: to reduce or terminate the headache attack, to relieve the accompanying symptoms, and to prevent recurrence of the headache. Treatment includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacologic treatment is mainly physical therapy, which can include magnetic therapy, oxygen therapy, psychological counselling, stress relief, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding various migraine triggers. The pharmacological treatment is divided into the treatment during the attack period and the preventive treatment. To achieve the best results, medication should usually be taken immediately at the onset of symptoms. Medications include nonspecific analgesics such as NSAIDs and opioids, and specific medications such as ergots and triptans. The selection of drugs should be based on the degree of headache, concomitant symptoms and previous medications, and individualized treatment. 1. Mild to moderate headache: NSAIDs such as acetaminophen, naproxen and ibuprofen alone can be effective, but if they are not effective, migraine-specific drugs should be used. Opioids such as pethidine are also effective for acute attacks of confirmed migraine, but because of their addictive properties, they are not recommended for migraine treatment routinely. (2) Moderate-severe headache: migraine-specific treatment drugs such as ergot and treprotan can be used directly to improve the symptoms as soon as possible. (1) Ergot agents: non-selective agonists of 5-HT1 receptor, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, can terminate the acute attacks of migraine. It can terminate the acute attack of migraine. (2) Traptans: 5-HT1B/1D receptor selective agonists, which may play an analgesic role by constricting cerebral blood vessels and inhibiting neuropathic transmission in peripheral nerves and secondary neurons of the “trigeminal cervical complex”. Commonly used drugs include sumatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, and almotriptan. Adverse effects of ergot and treprostin drugs include nausea, vomiting, palpitations, irritability, anxiety, peripheral vasoconstriction, and large amounts of long-term application can cause hypertension and ischemic necrosis of the limbs. The above two classes of drugs have potent vasoconstrictive effects and are contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension, heart disease and pregnant women. In addition, if ergot and treprostatin drugs are applied too frequently, they can cause drug overuse headache. To avoid this, it is recommended to use the drugs no more than 2 to 3 days per week. 3. Concomitant symptoms: Nausea and vomiting are prominent concomitant symptoms of migraine and are also common adverse reactions of drugs, so it is necessary to combine antiemetic agents (such as metoclopramide 10mg intramuscular injection). Benzodiazepines can be given to sedate and put the patient to sleep if there is irritability.