Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main methods for treating tumors, which have been developed and matured and dominated so far. However, these three methods have encountered bottlenecks in their development and it is difficult to make substantial breakthroughs. Finally, a new tumor treatment method—tumor biotherapy has been born. So, what is biologic therapy? Many domestic monographs on tumor biotherapy have been published, and many experts have conducted in-depth research on it and given their own explanations on tumor biotherapy, some representative interpretations are listed below: tumor biotherapy is mainly to enhance the body’s anti-tumor immunity or specifically block the tumor cell signaling pathway through the regulatory effect of biological agents or cellular products on the body’s defense mechanism, so as to achieve the goal of inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. achieve the purpose of inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. Tumor biotherapy is the general name of various therapeutic strategies and treatment means, which is a new method of tumor treatment by applying various biotherapeutic agents and means to regulate (enhance) the immunity and anti-cancer ability of the body, maintain the physiological balance of the body and fight against tumors. Tumor biotherapy is a new treatment method that applies modern biotechnology and its products (small molecule compounds, peptides, polysaccharides, proteins, cells, tissues, genes, etc.) to mediate tumor-inhibiting and tumor-killing effects directly or indirectly. From these definitions, it is easy to see that tumor biotherapies cover a wide range of areas. According to the mechanism of action, tumor biotherapies mainly include tumor immunotherapy, tumor molecular targeting therapy, tumor gene therapy and tumor stem cell related therapy. Among them, tumor immunotherapy and tumor molecular targeting therapy have made significant breakthroughs in recent years, and the related therapies have been widely used in clinical practice; tumor gene therapy and tumor stem cell related therapy are making rapid progress in research, and it is believed that they will also come to clinical practice in the near future for the benefit of patients. Tumor biotherapy is classified according to the biological agents or cellular products used, mainly including: 1) immune molecules: such as thymidine, interferon, interleukin, colony-stimulating factor, etc.; 2) in vitro induction of various somatic cells and hematopoietic stem cells: such as CIK, DC-CIK, EAAL, NK, etc.; 3) inhibitors of cell signaling molecules: such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors Erlotinib (Troche), Gefitinib, etc. (ERSA), Gefitinib (ERSA), Imatinib (Gleevec), etc.; 4, monoclonal antibodies: such as rituximab (Merova), trastuzumab (Herceptin), bevacizumab (Avastin), cetuximab (Epiduo), etc.; 5, peptides, protein agents: such as endothelin inhibitors (Endo); 6, certain bacteria and their active ingredients: such as BCG vaccine; 7, gene therapy drugs: recombinant Human p53 adenovirus injection (Imazo), tumor lysis virus – recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (H101); 8, botanical drugs including active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine: such as mushroom polysaccharide, which is often used for adjuvant treatment of tumor; 9, organic acids and small molecule synthesis agents: such as levamisole, which is often used for adjuvant treatment of colon cancer; 10, tumor vaccine. The main mechanism of tumor biological therapy: a. Directly regulate the growth and differentiation of tumor cells, inhibit tumor growth and shrink tumor; b. Promote the development of tumor cells from low differentiation to high differentiation, improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to human anti-tumor immune response, and help to kill cancer cells; c. Act specifically on tumor neovascularization, affect the nutrient supply of tumor, lead to tumor cell necrosis, while 4. Stimulate the immune response in the patient’s body, so that more anti-cancer cells are produced in the body and enhance the anti-cancer ability; 5. Stimulate the hematopoietic function, promote the recovery of bone marrow suppression, so that the patient can tolerate large doses of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for the whole body, reduce the damage when the patient receives anti-cancer treatment, increase the tolerance to anti-cancer treatment and improve the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Through the above introduction, it can be seen that tumor biotherapy mainly regulates cell biological behavior (such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, etc.) and host immune response through the regulatory effects of biological agents or cellular products on cells and organisms, so as to achieve the purpose of tumor treatment. In 1985, the US National Cancer Center listed tumor biotherapy as one of the models of comprehensive tumor treatment. In 2000, experts reached a consensus at the International Annual Meeting on Biological Therapy and Gene Therapy for Tumors that biologic therapy is the only known treatment that is expected to completely eradicate cancer cells. Today, this consensus is becoming a reality, and a large number of biotherapeutic drugs and methods have completed or are completing the translation from basic to clinical, becoming a paradigm of translational medicine. Tumor biotherapy has become one of the most rapidly developing fields in oncology today. The vast majority of new advances in the field of oncology treatment in recent years have come from the field of tumor biotherapeutics. Some biotherapeutic drugs (e.g. Imatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, etc.) have changed the traditional tumor treatment paradigm, and many biotherapeutic drugs have become an indispensable and important part of modern tumor treatment protocols, and the number of biotherapeutic drugs and therapies in various stages of development and clinical trials is even larger. and will surely bring a new revolution in tumor treatment!