Anorectal diseases are diseases that occur in the anal canal and rectum, including hemorrhoids, perianal abscess, anal fistula, anal fissure, cryptitis, anal papilloma, perineal necrotizing fasciitis, rectal prolapse and so on. In recent years, with the change of people’s living habits and diet structure, the incidence of anorectal disease has increased significantly. 1, hemorrhoids: the traditional concept that hemorrhoids are soft venous masses formed by the enlargement and varicosity of the rectal venous plexus under the mucous membrane at the end of the rectum and under the skin of the anal canal. Internal hemorrhoids are more likely to have fresh blood in the stool, and in severe cases, something comes out of the anus when defecating; external hemorrhoids are dominated by anal swelling and foreign body sensation; mixed hemorrhoids have symptoms of both internal and external hemorrhoids. The above symptoms are often aggravated by alcohol consumption, overwork, constipation, diarrhea and other triggers. In general, no special treatment is needed for asymptomatic hemorrhoids; for those with obvious symptoms that affect work and life, the principles of “conservative first, then surgical” and “minimally invasive” must be followed. Non-surgical treatment includes oral Chinese and Western medicines, fumigation, compresses, plugs, etc. Surgical treatment includes injection, external peeling and internal ligation, mucosal circumferential stapling on hemorrhoids, etc. 2, perianal abscess: perianal abscess is an acute or chronic purulent disease occurring in the soft tissue around the rectal canal or its surrounding space, and its clinical characteristics vary with the depth and scope of the abscess site: patients with superficial perianal abscess have obvious symptoms of local redness, swelling, heat and pain, and patients mostly feel local persistent throbbing pain, with light systemic toxic symptoms; patients with deeper and larger perianal abscesses have fever, chills Patients with deeper and more extensive perianal abscesses have fever, chills, fidgeting, discomfort in defecation, etc. The disease is not self-healing (very few infants and young children may heal spontaneously after the abscess breaks), and surgical treatment is the only curative method (a large number of antibiotics effective against gram-negative bacilli may make the abscess disappear, but most of them recur within a short time). Most perianal abscesses can be treated on an outpatient basis, but inpatient treatment should be performed in the following cases: patients with non-volatile cellulitis, patients who have failed to successfully drain pus on an outpatient basis, patients with concomitant systemic toxaemic symptoms and patients with extensive abscesses. The recurrence of acute perianal abscess after surgery accounts for about 10% and the development of chronic anal fistula accounts for about 50%. 3, anal fistula: anal fistula is an abnormal channel between the anal canal rectum and the perianal skin, and is a chronic stage of perianal abscess. The external opening of an anal fistula is usually obvious at the site of incision or spontaneous drainage, which repeatedly breaks down and flows pus, pain, and itching. Throughout the history of surgery, anal fistula has been a nasty disease for patients and physicians alike. 4, anal fissure: Anal fissure is a full-length longitudinal fissure that occurs in the skin of the anal canal and forms an infected ulcer. Patients are mostly young adults. The disease is mostly caused by constipation, defecation, causing rupture of the anal skin below the dentate line, secondary infection, and the gradual formation of chronic ulcers and disease. The main symptom of anal fissure is cutting pain or burning pain in the anus, accompanied by blood in the stool and itching in the anus. Treatment should emphasize the regulation of the stool and not only focus on the local treatment of anal fissure. If the edge of the ulcer of anal fissure is neat and the bottom is red, laxative and laxative drugs should be taken internally, and anti-swelling and pain-relieving drugs, astringent and hemostatic drugs, and drugs to dispel decay and create muscle should be used for fumigation, compressing and stuffing. If the edge of the ulcer is not neat, the bottom is deep, and the color is gray, we can consider anal fissure excision and sphincter release surgery.