Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an important achievement in the field of female reproductive health and preventive medicine to maintain and improve the health status and quality of life of women in the transition to menopause and postmenopause, and is even more essential for young women with estrogen deficiency due to various reasons (such as premature ovarian failure and oophorectomy). Since 1932, when estrogen was first used for symptomatic treatment, it has been used for more than 60 years. It has been clinically proven that HRT can relieve or completely eliminate hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia and palpitations; reduce the incidence of retinal macular degeneration and improve dry eyes; regulate menstrual disorders during the menopausal transition; prevent vaginal atrophy and dryness and avoid painful intercourse; prevent urethral atrophy, urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections; and prevent the development of urinary tract infection. It can prevent urinary atrophy, urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection; increase bone density, reduce the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and colon cancer, etc. Recent basic, clinical and epidemiological studies on hormone replacement therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are developing rapidly, and HRT is gradually revealing more adverse effects while bringing benefits to women. A recent study by the U.S. Women’s Health Initiative showed that combined estrogen and progestin HRT increased the incidence of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolic disease. The study weighed the pros and cons and showed that the risks of HRT to women’s health outweighed the benefits. This finding has caused concern among HRT experts and patients worldwide, and previous views on HRT are being challenged by new research findings that HRT is no longer the panacea it was previously thought to be, prompting experts to continue learning and exploring ways to apply HRT more scientifically, artistically, and individually. there is now agreement in the medical community on how to properly apply HRT in the clinical setting. to date, the HRT is irreplaceable to other drugs in improving menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women, but before applying HRT, the possible health problems of each patient should be evaluated, the indications and contraindications should be strictly controlled, and patients should be informed of the risks they face; progestin should be added to prevent endometrial cancer, while only estrogen is needed for hysterectomized patients, and progestin is not needed; HRT should not be used To prevent heart disease, other measures can be taken to prevent heart disease; HRT can strengthen bones, but before using HRT to prevent osteoporosis, the advantages and disadvantages of HRT should be weighed, especially the risks of HRT should be considered; the course of HRT should be applied as short as possible, and the course should be optimized according to the woman’s symptoms, the benefits of HRT and the possible health problems; if possible, a small dose of HRT should be used; in addition to In addition to oral administration, other methods of administration, such as patches and creams, should be considered, but the long-term risks and benefits of these methods of administration are not yet clear; HRT application should be individualized, including dose, dosing regimen, and duration of use, which need to be adjusted according to individual circumstances. Given the worldwide authority of the National Institutes of Health, the findings of its Women’s Health Initiative in the United States have attracted the attention of government agencies. Following this, the American Heart Association advised women not to continue to use combined estrogen and progestin HRT for the prevention of coronary heart disease; the FDA emphasized the need to add warning labels for HRT drugs that can cause myocardial infarction and breast cancer; professors at Harvard Medical School advised clinicians to avoid the long-term use of Pemetrix (combined estrogen) and Bemetan (combined estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate); and the National Toxicology Association The National Academy of Toxicology first classified estrogen-containing drugs and ultraviolet light as carcinogenic substances in the Report on Carcinogens published every two years; the British Department of Health also warned British women who had not yet started HRT not to use HRT to prevent coronary heart disease. The use of HRT to improve menopausal symptoms began in the 1970s, and the use of HRT to prevent degenerative diseases in old age began around the 1990s. At present, only about less than 1% of menopausal women are using HRT, and there is no large-scale prospective clinical study on the application of HRT for women in China so far, so we do not know the effect of long-term application of HRT on women’s health in China, and there is a long way to go in this regard.