School phobia is defined as “a psychological disorder in which children and adolescents have difficulty attending school due to mood disorders, especially anxiety, fear and depression, and appear to avoid school. There are seven levels of severity: 1. threatening or begging not to go to school; 2. repeatedly avoiding school in the morning; 3. repeatedly “cheating” in the morning and needing to be accompanied to school; 4. occasionally not going to school or missing school; 5. repeatedly alternating not going to school and missing school; 6. not going to school at all during a certain period of the semester; 7. not going to school at all for a long period of time. Non-attendance at school. With the development and progress of society, the behavioral problems of children and adolescents, psychological disorders are becoming more and more complex and diverse. What are the causes of school phobia? So far, the causes and pathogenesis of school phobia are still unclear and are usually considered to be closely related to individual personality traits, family environment, school environment, parent-child relationship, etc. Below, we talk to you about the possible psychosocial factors of SR: 1, personality traits: school phobia mostly occurs in children and adolescents who are timid, isolated and withdrawn from behavior. He these children have low self-esteem, low sense of achievement, and insufficient interpersonal and social adaptation skills, so it leads to the inability to adapt well to the school environment. 2, separation anxiety disorder: foreign experts suggest that children are avoiding school due to fear of separation from their parents, and refuse to go to school problems. Most of these children have a strong dependence on their parents or caregivers. Once separated from their parents, they will have symptoms such as fear and anxiety, and even obvious physical symptoms such as headache and stomachache. 3.Family factors: Bad family risk factors, such as domestic violence, broken family structure, parental neglect or overprotection, etc., lead to children’s reduced independence and autonomy, poor frustration resistance, manifesting withdrawal and avoidance leading to refusal to go to school. 4. School factors: various life practices or stressful events that occur in school, such as transferring to another school, learning difficulties, failing grades, bullying by classmates, ridicule or school violence, etc. What are the manifestations of school phobia? 1. Fear of going to school, or even openly expressing refusal to go to school. 2, during the onset, if the parents force the affected child to go to school, it will make his anxiety increased, if the parents agree not to go to school temporarily, the child’s anxiety immediately relieved. 3. The symptoms of anxiety are: anxiety, anxiety, pale face, cold sweat, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, vomiting, abdominal pain, frequent urination, and urgency. How to treat school phobia? 1, as soon as possible to try to get the child back to school if the child refused to go to school anxiety symptoms are obvious, parents should not be anxious, should notify the school to obtain the cooperation of teachers. Then, parents should wait patiently and accompany their children to eliminate or reduce their anxiety symptoms. It is good to keep the child at school for an hour at first, but if this step is successful, the time can be extended to 2 hours and then to half a day. Gradually transition to not accompanying your child to school and letting your child go to school alone. Whenever your child makes progress, you should give timely praise and rewards. 2. Help your child overcome his or her fears. Children suffering from school phobia have varying degrees of anxiety symptoms, after finding the cause, to target the child psychiatrist for psychotherapy. Muscle relaxation therapy is to help such children to overcome their fears and anxiety symptoms is a proven method. That is, when the child is close to the school entrance, repeatedly do deep breathing, after the whole body muscles gradually relaxed, and then enter the school door, in order to overcome the fear and anxiety symptoms generated when going to school. If the above methods are not effective, under the guidance of a physician, antidepressants can be applied for a short period of time, and anxiolytics can be used to eliminate or reduce the child’s symptoms. Treatment of “school phobia”, commonly used in four ways: 1, supportive psychotherapy. The student is guided, encouraged, patiently ask the student’s worries and anxieties, explain and guide him, and try to improve environmental conditions (such as a new school or a new teacher,. 2. Family therapy method. Change the overindulgence of the child’s education, more emotional communication with the child, for the parents themselves have psychological problems, it is necessary to trace the root cause, parents with the treatment. 3.Systematic desensitization therapy. Parents and the school actively cooperate to systematically make the child less fearful of school. At first, the child is allowed to spend a shorter time at school each day, and then gradually extend it. In the treatment process, teachers and classmates should be more concerned, support and encourage the child, but because these children are generally more sensitive, pay attention to master the degree. 4, exposure therapy. The child is afraid to go to school, in favor of taking all the methods to force him to stay in school, day after day without expectation, he also gradually adjust the mentality. This approach is particularly suitable for children who have just started school, with strong stimulation, but pay attention to the supporting security measures. What are the prevention of school phobia? 1, pay attention to the child’s character development. Parents and teachers should not be too strict with timid, attentive and depressed children. Instead, it is advisable to persuade these children not to take things too seriously, to let them understand that life is bound to have successes and failures. 2, the child should not expect too high. Parents should not expect too much from these children, because of the character traits of these children, decided that they are less able to withstand failure and setbacks, therefore, expectations are too high easy to make these children in the bad character based on increased psychological pressure, promoting school phobia. 3, early detection, early treatment. Once the child is found to have signs of school phobia, that should immediately go to the psychological clinic, child psychiatrist for psychotherapy and necessary medication. Parents should pay more attention to prevent these children may happen to run away from home and other undesirable behavior.