A variety of cells were isolated from clinically resected infant hemangioma specimens, and immunomagnetic bead sorting techniques were used to obtain hemangioma stem cells, which are the main culprit cells responsible for the development and progression of infant hemangioma. The cells were analyzed by biological methods and found to be able to grow rapidly in vitro and differentiate into adipocytes and bone cells. The hemangioma stem cells expressed β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors, with β2 adrenergic receptors predominating. The expression of β2 adrenergic receptors plays a decisive role in the effectiveness of propranolol in the treatment of this disease. Foreign studies have found that propranolol can cause apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in infantile hemangiomas, however, there is still a lack of research on whether this drug has the same effect on hemangioma stem cells, the culprit of infantile hemangioma development. Propranolol was found to inhibit the rapid proliferation of hemangioma stem cells, but not the apoptosis of this cell population. Propranolol also inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a factor closely related to angiogenesis and hemangioma development. In addition, the group found that propranolol could promote the differentiation of hemangioma stem cells to adipocytes, which explained the fat accumulation during the regression of hemangioma in infants and children. The research results were published as a paper in the latest issue of the American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.