Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules: 1) TSH suppression therapy: 1) Principle: Suppress TSH to the low limit or below with T4 to inhibit the pro-growth effect of TSH on thyroid cells and achieve the purpose of shrinking nodules. 2) TSH suppression protocol: Partial suppression, TSH at the lower limit of normal value. Complete inhibition. 3)Effect: In iodine-deficient areas it may shrink nodules, prevent the appearance of new nodules, and shrink nodular goiter. In non-iodine deficient areas it may shrink the nodules but the long-term effect is not exact. The effects of both TSH suppression regimens are similar. 4) Side effects: Long-term TSH suppression can lead to subclinical hyperthyroidism and the occurrence of adverse effects (increased heart rate, atrial fibrillation, large left ventricle, increased myocardial contractility, impaired diastolic function, etc.) and cause osteoporosis in menopausal women. On the balance of advantages and disadvantages, TSH suppression therapy is not recommended for routine use, but can be used in young people with small nodular goiter, and “TSH partial suppression” therapy is used. 2. 131I therapy: 1) Applicable to benign nodules with autonomic uptake function and hyperthyroidism. 2) Efficacy: 2~3 months after treatment, the nodules will shrink (average 40% reduction) and the hyperthyroidism will be relieved. If it is not effective in 4~6 months, 131I or other treatments can be taken again. 3)Contraindication : Pregnancy, breastfeeding. 4)Not recommended for nodules with pressure symptoms or located behind the sternum. 5)Nodules without hyperthyroidism can be used. 10% of patients will have hypothyroidism within 5 years, and timely L-T4 supplementation is recommended. 3) Other non-surgical treatment methods : percutaneous anhydrous alcohol injection, percutaneous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, etc. are not recommended for routine use.