There are many diseases of the immune system, including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency diseases. Autoimmune diseases are clinical conditions in which the autoimmune tolerance state is broken or cell regulation is abnormal due to genetic and environmental factors. Immunodeficiency diseases are syndromes caused by congenital developmental disorders or acquired damage to the immune system due to genetic or other factors.1. Autoimmune diseases: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, pulmonary hemorrhage-nephritis syndrome, rheumatic fever, diffuse goiter, myasthenia gravis, ulcerative colitis, common aspergillosis, pernicious anemia, ankylosing spondylitis, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, etc.; 2. Immunodeficiency diseases: divided into primary immunodeficiency diseases and acquired immunodeficiency diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases include T-cell deficiency, B-cell normal severe combined immunodeficiency disease, X-linked gammaglobulinemia, common variant immunodeficiency disease, X-linked chronic granulomatosis disease, hereditary angioneurotic edema, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Acquired immunodeficiency disease is a temporary or permanent impairment of immune function due to infection, tumor, physical or chemical factors, etc. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS, is common in clinical practice.