Manifestations of vocal cord polyps

  The laryngeal polyps occurring in the vocal folds are called vocal fold polyps, mostly occurring at the anterior and middle 1/3 junction edges of the vocal folds unilaterally, but also bilaterally, and are one of the common diseases causing hoarseness.  The pathogenesis of vocal fold polyp is not clear, but it is often related to traumatic reaction after excessive use of voice, and also related to increased vascular fragility and restricted vocal fold bleeding after excessive use of voice.  Pathology】 The main pathological changes of this disease are located in the Renk gap of the vocal folds. The gap is located between the free subepithelial layer of the vocal cord and the acoustic ligament, accounting for the entire length of the free edge of the vocal cord, which is difficult to identify when normal. Vocal fold polyp patients any gram gap limited edema, vasodilatation or bleeding, the surface covered with normal squamous epithelium, the formation of white or pink oval swelling, the disease is long polyps within the obvious fibrous tissue hyperplasia or glass-like changes.  Clinical manifestations】 1, hoarseness is the main symptom, hoarseness vocal fold polyp size, shape and location of the different changes in sound quality, the degree of hoarseness is also different. The lighter ones are intermittent hoarseness, vocal fatigue, coarse tone, and difficulty in soprano; the heavier ones are hoarse and even lose their voice. The hoarseness is heavier in the polyp with anterior position and wider base.  2.Breathing difficulties Some huge polyps located between the two sides of the vocal folds may cause breathing difficulties and wheezing.  3.Cough Some vocal fold polyps sag in the subglottis, which may stimulate coughing.  Laryngoscopy may show a smooth, translucent mass in the anterior middle part of the free edge of the vocal folds on one side; it may have a tip or a wide base; it is mostly grayish white or light red, or occasionally purplish red. Vocal fold polyps can sometimes occur bilaterally, and rarely the entire vocal fold is diffusely swollen. The polyps with tips can move up and down with breathing, and the sudden blockage of the vocal folds by huge polyps can cause breathing difficulties.  Figure vocal cord polyp [Diagnosis] is not difficult to make a diagnosis based on the history, symptoms and signs. Biopsy can confirm the diagnosis. This disease needs to be differentiated from laryngeal papilloma and T1 vocal fold type laryngeal cancer.  Treatment】Surgical excision is the main treatment, supplemented by glucocorticoids and ultrasonic nebulization.  The polyps with tips or smaller polyps, which are not required by the patient for articulation quality or poor systemic condition can be removed under indirect laryngoscope, fiberoptic laryngoscope or electronic laryngoscope. Larger polyps, broad-based polyps, vocal fold polyp-like changes, and those who cannot cooperate under local anesthesia can be microsurgically supported laryngoscopically under general anesthesia tracheal intubation, and the postoperative articulation quality is better. All excised lesions should be routinely sent for pathological examination to avoid misdiagnosis.