Cervical cytology is an important tool for cervical cancer screening. As an effective tool for cervical cancer screening, the traditional cervical smear has played a significant role in reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. However, traditional cervical smear has a rather high rate of reported false negatives due to inadequate specimen collection and processing, uneven and overlapping cell distribution on the smear, and the fact that most cells remain on the sampler and are discarded, making it difficult to observe all the cells. The ThinPrep liquid-based cytology test is an automated liquid-based thin-layer slide production technique that has emerged in recent years and was approved for clinical use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996. This technique preserves the collected cervical cell specimens in a special liquid, then the cells are uniformly processed by computerized automated instruments to remove blood, mucus, inflammatory cells and their tissue debris from the specimens, and then the effective cells are made into thin-layer cell smears by special filtration. These smears are microscopically dispersed on a clear background, with well maintained cell morphology and preserved cell aggregates and microbial components, making this new technique significantly more sensitive (96% vs. 78%) and satisfactory for cytological examination than conventional cytological smears (89.8% vs. 70.9%). Moreover, the cells in this liquid preservative can be used to repeat more smears, increasing the detection rate of abnormal cells, and also for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection, providing a basis for the determination of cervical lesions. It is now widely used for cervical cancer screening in some European and American countries and within large hospitals in China, and the cost of the test is around one hundred dollars.