Introduction to Functional Neurosurgery Specialties

  1.Cranial nerve diseases mainly include facial muscle spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, spastic diastasis, etc. The cure rate is over 95%. The treatment of cranial nerve diseases mainly adopts microvascular decompression surgery to release the pressure of the responsible vessels on the cranial nerves, which can clinically cure facial muscle spasm, trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. For patients with spastic diagonal neck, we adopt preoperative precise location, distinguish active and antagonistic muscles, and formulate individualized surgical plan, including paraneoplastic decompression, paraneoplastic partial excision, highly selective C1-3 spinal nerve anterior root partial excision, and deep brain nucleus cluster electrical stimulation, etc.  2.Motor disorders mainly include Parkinson’s disease, primary tremor, dystonia, torsional spasm, spastic slant neck, writing spasm, chorea and tic disorder, etc. The advanced Legsell stereotactic instrument and Codman destructor are used to perform 3.0T magnetic resonance scanning, and then the brain cells are precisely located at the level, and deep brain nucleus cluster cytodissection (destructomy) or deep brain nucleus cluster high frequency electrical stimulation is selectively performed. nucleus accumbens high frequency electrical stimulation. Especially for patients with Parkinson’s disease, surgical treatment overcomes the side effects of drugs such as allodynia, intra-day fluctuations, switch phenomenon, and frozen feet, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients.  3.Pain To provide an ultimate alternative means for chronic intractable pain, so that patients with phantom limb pain, amputation pain, pain after nerve injury, central pain, etc. can get rid of pain and return to a healthy life. The main surgical methods include: selective spinal nerve dorsal root into the medullary area incision, spinal cord electrical stimulation, cingulate gyrus incision, thalamotomy, etc.  4.Other functional brain diseases These diseases include: secondary epilepsy, cerebral palsy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, etc. For secondary epilepsy patients with clearly localized lesions, surgical resection of the epileptogenic foci is performed and functional areas are preserved as much as possible so that patients with epilepsy are seizure-free or have significantly reduced seizures after surgery while important functions such as physical activity and language are preserved. For the increasing number of patients with cerebral palsy, multilevel, highly selective cerebrospinal surgery has been used to greatly alleviate their walking difficulties and enhance limb flexibility. Stereotactic surgery is used to correct severe mental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorder, that have failed to respond to certain pharmacological treatments.