1. Biological characteristics, therapeutic difficulties and development trends of glioma The infiltrative growth pattern of glioma determines its malignant biological behavior. Tumor aggressiveness is a complex process in which tumor cells interact with the host and extracellular matrix. Multiple growth factors are involved in the hyperproliferative and invasive behavior of glioma cells. The highly proliferative and aggressive behavior of glioma cells is one of the most difficult problems to treat today, to the extent that it has been compared to its ability to effectively “evade” surgical, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy regimens, leading to the eventual incurability and death of the patient. At present, microsurgery can only achieve visual excision, and many glioma cells that grow in a “root-like” manner infiltrate into normal brain tissue, making total excision impossible; side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and “multi-drug resistance” cannot be solved yet. Targeted and gene therapy for glioma is the most interesting research area in recent years. Surgery is still the most effective treatment method, which aims to clarify the diagnosis, improve the symptoms, reduce the tumor load and create conditions for further treatment. With the application of microsurgery, laser and navigation system and the continuous improvement of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, tumors that were considered inoperable in the past can be removed surgically. In particular, the application of intraoperative magnetic resonance, navigation system and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring has greatly improved the total resection rate and reduced the risk of surgery. Intraoperative magnetic resonance can measure the size of resection area, and functional neurological navigation and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring system can show the location of the operative field, clarify important functional areas, and prevent the increase of unnecessary neurological function damage. 3.Radiotherapy In recent years, the main progress of radiotherapy is focused on the improvement of radiation dose, radiation field, time interval and the application and selection of radiation sensitizers. Chemotherapy is an important part of glioma treatment. Surgery or (and) radiotherapy have achieved good results in some gliomas, however, most tumors inevitably recur. Chemotherapy plays a very important role in further killing residual tumor cells. There are many programs of chemotherapy for glioma, but the main drugs used are single or combined drugs with nitrosoureas as the mainstay. In recent years, with the gradual elucidation of molecular genetics of malignant glioblastoma, the important role of certain cellular signal transduction pathways and related genes in the occurrence and development of malignant glioblastoma has become clearer and clearer, which provides neuro-oncologists with a new program for effective treatment of malignant glioblastoma – molecular targeting therapy. The targeted therapy program, which targets the abnormally expressed genes and their protein products in malignant tumors, has opened up new methods and means for cancer treatment. Biological therapy is the fourth tumor treatment method after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is mainly used to inhibit tumor growth by mobilizing the body’s own natural defense mechanism or by giving certain substances to the body. Biological therapy mainly includes: cytokines, hematopoietic immune cells, monoclonal antibodies, gene guide and vaccine, etc. Among them, immunotherapy and gene therapy and their combination constitute the main part of tumor biological therapy. 7.Photodynamic therapy Photodynamic therapy is a treatment method for malignant tumors developed in the 1970s, which has various names, including phototherapy, photochemotherapy and light irradiation therapy. 8. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment Scholars in China found that arsenic trioxide can inhibit the growth of glioma by inducing apoptosis, capturing glioma cells in G2/M phase, increasing the expression of p53 protein and other multifaceted mechanisms. Most of the patients can achieve the purpose of “increasing” and “decreasing” the toxicity through herbal treatment. The inhibitory effects of tretinoin and tretinoin on glioma cells are related to the promotion of bax expression, inhibition of bcl-2 expression, and apoptosis. In conclusion, glioma cannot be completely cured by any one method alone. The neurosurgeon must not be satisfied with the removal of the tumor and the task is done. Surgical operation is only the beginning of the treatment work, but we must also apply multiple methods of comprehensive treatment in stages according to the multidisciplinary knowledge of tumor biology, cell kinetics, radiotherapy, pharmacology and immunology in order to obtain better results.