I. Scoliosis in older children – the use of one-stage surgery or staged surgery orthopedic. 1, Phase I surgery: perform anterior spine release and fusion, including discectomy, hemivertebral resection, bone bridge resection, fusion rib resection, etc., and implant autologous or allogeneic bone in the intervertebral disc space. About a week after the release surgery, spinal traction is performed for 2~3 weeks, commonly used methods include bilateral lower limb distal femoral traction and occipito-mandibular confrontation horizontal traction, cranial ring – gravity vertical traction. 2, the second phase of surgery: device placement orthopedics and spinal fusion. At present, the main choice of C-D spinal devices. 3, postoperative treatment: (1) observe the child’s bipedal toe activity at any time to understand the function of the spinal cord. (2) Fasting for about 24 hours can be eaten, and gradually transition from a liquid diet to a normal diet. Children with gastrointestinal reactions and malnutrition may be given incomplete intravenous nutrition. (3) Every 4~6 hours, alternate left and right lying position to avoid pressure on the wound and skin decubitus ulcers. (4) Routine intravenous antibiotics for 5~7 days postoperatively to prevent infection. (5) Look at the wound 3 days after surgery and change the dressing. 2 weeks to remove the stitches, the use of intradermal suture can be exempted from the removal of stitches, and has a cosmetic effect. (6) 5~7 days postoperative review of the ortho-lateral spine to understand the orthopedic effect of surgery and the position of implanted devices. (7) After 3 months of bed rest, gradually start to move to the ground, and wear a support undershirt when moving to the ground. (8) Avoid strenuous exercise on weekdays to prevent impact on the spine. 4.Follow-up: Take a front and side X-ray of the spine every 6 months to 1 year to observe the maintenance of the orthopedic effect of the spine and the position of the implanted devices. Second, infantile scoliosis – according to the spinal deformity, choose hemivertebrectomy, in situ fusion, anterior-posterior fusion, internal fixation of instruments, thoracoplasty, and subcutaneous growth rods and other orthopedic procedures. Third, the treatment of neurofibromatosis combined with scoliosis. 1, non-dystrophic treatment is basically the same as idiopathic scoliosis, but the indication for surgery is Cobb’s angle 30 °. 2, dystrophic type is appropriate to perform anterior and posterior spinal implant fusion to enhance the stability of the spine. Anterior spinal fusion can be performed with direct transfer graft of rib with vascular tip. 3, in order to prevent the recurrence of scoliosis or aggravation of the original arc after surgery, the scope of fixation of the operation should be 2~3 vertebrae each above and below the scoliosis range shown by X-ray. 4, spinal fusion postoperative bone graft block pseudo-joint prevention: intraoperative fusion range of soft tissue and periosteum on the vertebral plate should be stripped clean, increase the amount of bone graft, using autologous bone, allogeneic bone, artificial bone, or add bone formation protein bone graft method, postoperative can also add Chinese medicine to promote the formation of bone scabs. 5.The excision of local neurofibroma should be as thorough as possible and minimize the damage to normal tissues. 6, neurofibroma complicating scoliosis can only be treated surgically, so early surgery should be performed to prevent the deterioration of neurological complications and deformities. Fourth, congenital scoliosis combined with spinal longitudinal bifida treatment congenital scoliosis sometimes combined with spinal longitudinal bifida or / and spinal cord tethering syndrome, because of its impact on the spinal cord, the need for surgical excision or / and tethering release. The resection of the spinal crest for longitudinal spinal bifida and the release of the spinal tethering can be performed prior to orthopedics or at the same time as the posterior spinal instrumentation is placed.