Common auxiliary tests for purulent leukorrhea caused by cervical cancer

  Pus and blood leucorrhea is the leucorrhea with blood, which is a manifestation symptom of inflammatory manifestation of leucorrhea abnormalities and is a signal of female internal genital diseases, which should be taken seriously. Routine examination of leukorrhea can confirm the diagnosis. Cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical polyp or submucosal myoma should be considered. The placement of intrauterine device can also cause bloody leucorrhea.  Common auxiliary tests for purulent leucorrhea caused by cervical cancer: 1. Iodine test: Normal cervical or vaginal squamous epithelium is rich in glycogen and can be stained brown by iodine solution, while cervical canal columnar epithelium, cervical erosion and abnormal squamous epithelial area (including squamous epithelial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma area) do not have glycogen, so they are not colored. Clinically, after exposing the cervix with a vaginal speculum, the surface mucus is wiped off and 2% iodine solution is applied directly on the cervical and vaginal mucosa, and the non-colored area is positive. This is a common method to check cervical cancer.  2.Cervical and cervical canal biopsy: All clinical examinations of the cervix are important parts of the diagnosis, but biopsy is the best method to assist in the examination of cervical cancer. When the cytological examination of cervical scraping is above grade III-IV smear, but the cervical biopsy is negative, four biopsies should be taken at points 6, 9, 12 and 3 of the squamous junction of the cervix, or multiple tissues should be taken in the uncolored area of iodine test and suspected cancerous parts and sectioned, or a small scraper should be used to scratch the cervical canal and send the scrapings to pathological examination.  3.Cervical scraping cytology examination: It is the main method to detect precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer. Since the cervix is exposed at the top of the vagina, it is easy to observe and take materials, so at present, cervical cytology scraping is routinely performed as a screening method for all married women during gynecological examination or cancer prevention screening. Therefore, the positive rate of early cervical cancer diagnosis is greatly improved, reaching over 90%. In order to improve the accuracy of smear diagnosis, special attention should be paid to taking material from the junction of squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium, which is a good site for cervical cancer. Since the junction of squamous and columnar epithelium in elderly women is moving upward to the cervical canal, in addition to scraping the smear from the vagina of the cervix, the smear should also be taken from the cervical canal to avoid missing the diagnosis. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct site and careful microscopy, which may have a false negative rate of 5% to l0%. Therefore, all of them should be combined with the clinical situation and regular examination for screening by this method, which is also a method to detect cervical cancer.