Currently, there are three major types of lung cancer treatments that are used clinically and have more definite efficacy: medical treatment (by respiratory physicians or medical oncologists), surgical treatment (by thoracic surgeons), and radiation treatment (by radiologists). Generally speaking, a patient diagnosed with lung cancer may only need to receive one or two of the above three types of treatment, but some patients will experience all three types of treatment, depending on the type of pathology and clinical stage of the lung cancer he has. 1.Medical treatment Currently, the medical treatment for lung cancer mainly includes chemotherapy (i.e. chemotherapy) and targeted therapy. For patients who cannot undergo radical surgery, chemotherapy is the main treatment method. Among the pathological subtypes of lung cancer, small cell lung cancer has the best sensitivity to chemotherapy, followed by lung adenocarcinoma, while lung squamous carcinoma has relatively poor sensitivity to chemotherapy. Although chemotherapy has toxic side effects, patients who receive the treatment have some survival benefit compared to those who do not receive it. This benefit is especially significant for small cell lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma, which can significantly extend life expectancy and reduce symptoms. Targeted lung cancer therapy is a new complement to traditional chemotherapy, which has less toxic side effects and high quality of life for patients. Targeted therapies that are widely used in clinical practice include erlotinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, etc. Patients who are suitable for targeted lung cancer therapy are lung cancer patients with special genetic mutations, so genetic mutation testing is often required before deciding on targeted lung cancer therapy. 2.Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is surgical treatment. Any lung cancer lesion with surgical conditions and indications should, in principle, be surgically removed. Surgical treatment is mainly applicable to early stage lung cancer cases and radical surgery, which has the most clinical benefits and the longest average survival. In addition to radical surgery, thoracic surgeons can also perform palliative surgery, tumor reduction surgery and symptom reduction surgery for lung cancer, which can also remove tumor cells to a certain extent and is one of the means to treat lung cancer. 3.Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is mainly applicable to cases sensitive to radiation (such as small cell lung cancer), but those with extensive tumors or pathological types insensitive to radiation therapy are not suitable for radiation therapy. Radiotherapy can reduce the tumor cells in the radiotherapy area, but radiotherapy can also damage the normal tissues within the irradiation area. 4.Other treatments Besides the above three main treatments, there are still some patients will choose the following treatment options. Chinese medicine treatment: Its function is to support and cultivate the root, regulate the body condition, improve the symptoms and reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemoradiotherapy, and be used for adjuvant treatment. The advantage is that it has less side effects and can improve the general condition of patients, but the anti-cancer effect is not clear. Interventional therapy: Interventional therapy for lung cancer is divided into two types: transvascular interventional therapy and transbronchoscopic interventional therapy. Transvascular intervention is mainly bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy, which is only applicable to patients with advanced lung cancer who cannot undergo surgery and whose systemic chemotherapy is ineffective. Transbronchoscopic intervention is mainly applied to lung cancer patients whose lung cancer masses block the airways and cause breathing difficulties. Both types of interventions can relieve the symptoms to some extent and relieve patients’ pain. Biological therapy (immunotherapy): It can regulate the patient’s resistance to tumor and can inhibit the small amount of cancer cells remaining in the body to achieve therapeutic effect. Currently, it is only used for adjuvant treatment and generally has less side effects. In recent years, the lung cancer vaccine produced in Brazil is also one of the immunotherapy for lung cancer, but its efficacy has not been confirmed by large-scale clinical practice.