Varicocele is a vascular mass in the scrotum formed by the dilatation, elongation, and migration of the trabecular plexus of the spermatic cord, and the resulting clinical symptoms. It is one of the most common scrotal masses in young people and an important cause of male infertility. As early as 1880, a British surgeon first suggested that varicocele could cause male infertility, but the mechanism of infertility has not yet been fully understood, and may be related to the following factors: Increased scrotal temperature After varicocele, due to depressed blood flow in the spermatic vein, it can cause an increase in scrotal temperature, which is on average 0.6°C higher than normal, thus affecting sperm production. Nutritional disorders Due to the depressed blood flow in the veins, the blood circulation of the testes and epididymis is affected, and the supply of nutrients and oxygen required by them is lacking, thus affecting spermatogenesis. Testicular endocrine dysfunction Due to the increased local temperature in the scrotum and insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the testes, the endocrine function of the interstitial cells in the testicular varicocele is inevitably affected, thus interfering with spermatogenesis. Toxic effects Because of the rich lateral circulation between the spermatic vein and testicular vein, when varicocele occurs, it causes blood countercurrent, which can carry high concentrations of toxic metabolites, such as steroids, catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandins, carried in the blood of the left adrenal gland and left renal vein, into the bilateral testes before detoxification, causing spermatogenesis to be affected, resulting in different degrees of spermatozoa hypospermia, morphology The sperm production is affected, resulting in different degrees of sperm hypospermia, morphological abnormalities and motility disorders. Some studies have shown that when varicocele occurs, oxygen free radicals increase in testicular tissue and lipid peroxidation increases, thus affecting spermatogenesis and sperm function. The longer the varicocele develops, the more damage is done to the testicles. If varicocele is not treated, there is a risk of reproductive tumors.