Hemodialysis is an effective method to treat chronic renal failure. Vascular access is a prerequisite for hemodialysis treatment. Only by protecting vascular access and prolonging its use can we prolong the life of patients, so we call vascular access the lifeline of dialysis patients. Therefore, effective maintenance of vascular access is a common concern for both healthcare professionals and patients. Vascular access is generally divided into temporary vascular access and long-term vascular access, temporary vascular access mainly refers to temporary central venous double-lumen catheter; long-term vascular access mainly refers to autologous arteriovenous endovascular and artificial vascular arteriovenous endovascular fistula, at present, also include cuffed double-lumen catheter in the category of long-term vascular access. For the maintenance of vascular access patients should pay attention to the following points: a. Temporary vascular access patients: 1. The nurse should change it in time; 4. Try to establish the arteriovenous endovascular fistula before dialysis, so that the endovascular fistula is mature when waiting for dialysis, which reduces the pain of intubation and also reduces the complications caused by the indwelling catheter, such as thrombosis, infection and fibrin sheath formation. If a temporary catheter is used to start dialysis, the patient should also be convinced to establish an arteriovenous endovascular fistula or a buried abdominal dialysis tube as soon as possible, and the catheter should be removed in time after the endovascular fistula matures. Second, long-term vascular access patients: 1. Keep the arm clean and wash the ointment before dialysis so as not to affect the fixation of the needle during dialysis. Avoid contact of the puncture site with water after dialysis to prevent infection; 2. Pay attention to dietary hygiene to prevent occlusion of the endovascular fistula due to dehydration caused by diarrhea; 3. Pay attention to dry weight adjustment during dialysis to prevent the occurrence of hypotension 4. protect the fistula from pressure and impact, especially in crowded places such as buses and shopping malls; do not overload the arm on the side of the fistula; 5. check daily whether the fistula is open: gently feel the tremor or whirring sound when your finger touches the fistula, indicating that the fistula is open; if there is no such feeling or if the fistula is suddenly painful, you should seek medical advice; 6. instruct the correct method of hemostasis: use your thumb in the direction of the needle after removing the needle The reason is that for each puncture, there is a needle eye on the skin and on the wall of the endovascular fistula, and only when both eyes are pressed is hemostasis truly successful. The pressure should be appropriate, so that no blood is seeping and tremors can be felt. The time is about 5-10 minutes, and the puncture point should be observed for 5 minutes after the cotton ball is removed; 7. If there is a hemangioma, an elastic bandage can be used to protect it from bleeding; 8. Patients should also know that the fistula side arm cannot be infused, transfused, drawn and blood pressure measured; 9. In addition, heparin ointment can also be applied appropriately, which also has the effect of preventing thrombosis.