Whether a glioma can be completely resected or not requires consideration of many factors, such as the size, grade and location of the tumor as well as the surgeon’s surgical experience. For low-grade gliomas with clear borders, total resection is possible, especially for tumors in non-functional areas of the brain, such as those in the frontal, occipital and temporal lobe margins. However, in some special cases, we cannot pursue total resection, otherwise it will damage the neurological function of the brain and bring some unnecessary complications. Especially for gliomas in important functional areas, the principle of surgery is to remove the tumor to the maximum extent possible under the premise of safety, which means to protect the neurological function to the maximum extent possible. What are the general possible consequences of nerve damage in some important functional areas? Different regions of the brain have different functions. If surgery damages important functional areas, corresponding dysfunction will occur after surgery, for example, if the speech center of the dominant frontal hemisphere is damaged, motor aphasia will occur after surgery; if the posterior temporal lobe is damaged, hearing impairment or sensory aphasia will occur; if the precentral gyrus or postcentral gyrus is damaged, hemiplegia, limb movement or sensory impairment will occur; if the If the occipital lobe is damaged, it will lead to visual field deficit. What is the use of surgery if some tumors cannot be completely resected? First, surgery can clarify the pathological diagnosis. Preoperative imaging is only a rough diagnosis of tumor grade and malignancy by experience, while intraoperative biopsy can make a clear grading and staging of tumor. The pathological staging of the tumor is very important for the subsequent treatment and prognosis of the patient. Secondly, it has been shown that even if some gliomas cannot be completely resected, if the extent of glioma resection is 90% or more, it can play a significant role in prolonging the survival of patients. Of course, in some patients with very high or even short-term life-threatening cranial pressure, surgical removal of the tumor first can quickly and effectively lower the intracranial pressure, relieving the temporary danger and creating an opportunity for subsequent treatment. Therefore, although some gliomas cannot be completely resected, performing a major resection, especially in cases with more than 70% resection is very helpful to prolong the survival. If there are residual tumor cells after surgery, will it be easy to recur? If a glioma is not completely resected, there will be residual tumor cells, which will definitely recur if no follow-up treatment is done, therefore, a series of follow-up treatments are necessary to reduce recurrence in these patients. The most common treatment for glioma after surgery is radiotherapy. In radiotherapy, stereotactic fine radiation therapy, or conformal intensity modulated radiation therapy, is usually used to maximize tumor killing while reducing radiation damage to surrounding brain tissue. However, for more aggressive gliomas, stereotactic radiation (γ-knife) therapy alone is not appropriate due to diffuse growth. γ-knife is only suitable for tumors that are small and limited in size. Postoperative chemotherapy for high-grade gliomas is also very important, and with the development of genetic testing, more sensitive chemotherapeutic agents can be used for specific gliomas. The more commonly used postoperative chemotherapy drug is temozolomide, which is currently the drug of choice for glioma and is more effective and has fewer side effects than other chemotherapy drugs.