When it comes to the risks and complications of surgery, parents are very nervous and have a lot of worries, which is a normal reaction, and Dr. Huang understands that we are parents. This is why I wrote this article to describe in detail the risks and possible complications of surgery, as well as precautions, in the hope that parents can better understand the disease and eliminate unnecessary anxiety. 1. First of all, there are anesthesia accidents, which may cause respiratory and cardiac arrest in serious cases. The anesthesiologist will also talk about the risks of anesthesia before the surgery. In fact, the possibility of anesthesia accidents is very small, especially in large hospitals, hospitals with many surgeries, less than one in a thousand, but it is still possible to happen, pay attention to the following points: fasting before anesthesia is very important, fasting (including water) 6-8 hours before surgery, so that the stomach is basically empty, not easy to vomit, accidental aspiration, surgery can not be in the case of cough, runny nose, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, etc. to do surgery. The anesthesiologist will ask relevant questions before the anesthesia talk, can not be hidden! 2, bleeding after surgery penis erection, penis is a very special tissue, the doctor will stop bleeding very thoroughly during surgery, but penis erection, urination or poop force, or crying and quarrelling, may cause penis congestion, small blood vessel rupture lead to bleeding, a small amount of blood oozing is a common phenomenon, can be stopped by compression, sterilization, etc., very few need to go to the operating room again to stop bleeding. Therefore, the amount of post-operative activities should not be too large, pay attention to the protection of the wound. 3, the surgical incision infection, septic. Urethral surgical incision is a class II surgical incision, we use cosmetic stitches, cosmetic sutures, generally do not remove the stitches without changing the medicine, but the incision in the urethra, this location and close to the anus, the incision may appear red, swollen, infection, pus, etc.. As the baby foreskin and penis head are closely adhered, the separation surface is a relatively large trauma, there will be more ooze, the formation of scabs or blood scabs, this situation is not considered an infection. 4, post-operative incision pain, because the surgical incision in the penis, penile nerve distribution is dense, pain is more or less will have, the vast majority of babies will have indwelling catheter, urinary catheter in the bladder, but also easy to stimulate the bladder caused by pain, after surgery will generally give analgesic pump, pain when you can press the switch. You can use antispasmodic painkillers to stimulate the pain caused by the bladder. 5, the penis is edematous after surgery, the appearance is not ideal. Due to the characteristics of the baby’s foreskin tissue, foreskin edema is bound to occur, only some babies edema powerful point, some very slight, usually 2 weeks later began to slowly subside. Babies with scars may experience narrowing of the foreskin opening due to scar contraction, and the appearance is not ideal. 6, postoperative urethral stenosis, urinary fistula, urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, etc. need secondary surgery, of which urethral fistula is the most common, a large sample of domestic and foreign studies show that the probability of urethral fistula is about 15-30%, urethral stenosis and urethral stricture can be mostly cured by urethral expansion rod expansion, if there is still stenosis after 3 months, secondary surgery may be required to treat, urinary fistula, urethral stricture, urethral Diverticulum secondary surgery time is 6 months after surgery. 7. Other unforeseen accidents that could not be anticipated before surgery. The human body is a complex living structure, and the individual differences of each baby are great. Hypospadias is a relatively complex penile deformity, often combined with abnormal foreskin distribution, downward curvature of the penis, penile scrotal transposition and other deformities, the surgery is difficult, and some severe hypospadias even have to be completed in stages. In Dr. Huang’s experience, hypospadias can generally achieve satisfactory post-operative results through preoperative improvement of relevant examinations and comprehensive assessments, intraoperative selection of appropriate surgical methods, patient and careful surgical operations, and careful post-operative care with the cooperation of the parents.