Pediatric inguinal hernia and syringomyelia are common diseases in children, commonly known as “hernia” or “gas egg” or “water egg”. Both are caused by the failure of the sphincter to close and are congenital, with crying, constipation, coughing, and other factors that increase abdominal pressure as food triggers. Clinical manifestations: Usually, when a child cries, exercises vigorously, or has dry stools, there is a protruding mass in the groin, sometimes extending to the scrotum or labial area; it disappears on its own when lying down or when pressed by hand. A pediatric hernia may occur days, months, or years after birth. Usually it disappears on its own after the child is quiet or in a flat position, but sometimes the swelling does not disappear on its own after herniation, that is, it becomes entrapped, and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, anorexia or crying, irritability, followed by abdominal distension, non-defecation or bloody stool can occur, and in long time, redness and swelling of the scrotum can occur, and necrosis and perforation of the entrapped intestine should be considered, which can be fatal in serious cases. Syringomyelia usually does not show the above symptoms, but only inguinal or scrotal swelling with positive permeation test. Ancillary tests: Ultrasound can be done to assist in the diagnosis of hernias or syringomyelia, and abdominal X-rays can be taken if necessary. Treatment: Surgery is an option for both hernias and syringomyelia if they do not heal spontaneously by 6 months to 1 year of age. The best age for surgery is around 1 year of age. If an inguinal hernia is incarcerated, manual repositioning can be performed within 12 hours, but for newborns with uncertain duration of incarceration, or if high fever, abdominal distention, scrotal redness or swelling have already occurred, or if repeated repositioning has failed, emergency surgery is required. Postoperative precautions: Postoperative parents should strengthen care. Keep the dressing in the operating area clean and dry, avoid strenuous crying or activity as much as possible, and change the medication for 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.