Thyroid nodules are common endocrine system disorders that can be cured in most patients, while a small number of patients may require long-term medication or consider surgery. Common lesions of thyroid nodules include: thyroid cysts, nodular goiter, inflammatory nodules, and tumor nodules. As long as the cyst is not particularly large and does not affect the surrounding tissue of the thyroid gland, it can be treated without treatment, but for larger cysts, surgery can be considered. The treatment of nodular goiter mainly depends on whether the thyroid nodule is functional and whether it causes changes in thyroid hormones. If it causes a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion, it will lead to hypothyroidism, and if it causes an increase in thyroid hormone secretion, it will lead to hyperthyroidism, and in both cases, it is necessary to consider taking medication to regulate thyroid hormone levels and maintain the stability of the condition. In the case of inflammatory nodules, treatment by medication should be considered in the context of the patient’s physical condition. If tumor nodules are suspected, we can consider biopsy to clarify the lesions of the nodules and then consider whether to treat them through surgery, after which we can choose the appropriate radiotherapy regimen for treatment according to the specific type of pathology. In short, if the patient’s condition can be controlled smoothly, the clinical situation can also be considered as a cure.