Cervical cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In recent years, as many celebrities (Yuan Yuan Li, Anita Mui, etc.) have suffered from cervical cancer and have passed away, the public is both hated and feared of cervical cancer. However, with the improvement of public health care system and the increasing improvement of cervical cancer screening technology in recent years, more and more people know about TCT and HPV, and more and more women are free from the threat of cervical cancer. So, how much do you know about cervical cancer and HPV? Worldwide, there are an estimated 493,000 new cases of cervical cancer each year, accounting for 10% of all gynecologic cancers, the eighth highest among all tumors, and second only to breast cancer among female cancers. Cervical cancer has the highest incidence in developing countries, with more than 80% of all cases, and our country is among this group. Approximately 270,000+ people die from cervical cancer worldwide each year, with 4/5 in developing countries. The relationship between cervical cancer and HPV began to be discovered and confirmed by scholars in the 1970s, and it is now clear that infection with the high-risk HPV virus is a central factor in the development of cervical cancer. the relative risk range between HPV infection and cervical cancer is between 20 and 70, and is one of the strongest statistical associations of all cancer epidemiological studies. 99.7% of cervical cancers are detectable by HPV DNA. We can almost say that without HPV, there is no cervical cancer. Even a large number of scholars have found that the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions is also closely related to high-risk HPV infection. Therefore, when we prevent and control the infection of HPV, we should say that we prevent and control cervical cancer. HPV, known as human papillomavirus, is a tiny double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the papillomavirus family, which can cause infection to both skin and mucous membrane epithelium. HPV infection is the most important cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. There are 15 identified high-risk HPV types, including 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82, of which HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the most common HPV subtypes, accounting for about 60% of all cervical cancers. Currently, the most grim reality before us is that clinical, subclinical and latent HPV infection has become the most common sexually transmitted viral disease. Asymptomatic HPV infection can be detected in 5-20% of sexually active women of childbearing age. In most cases, HPV infection is only transient or intermittent, and most of these patients can be spontaneously reversible if they have normal immune function. Only women with prolonged and persistent high-risk HPV infections are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Therefore, it is important not to “talk about cancer” or “talk about HPV”. Treatment for high-risk HPV is not yet mature. The HPV vaccine has been proven to be effective in preventing high-risk HPV infections, and is intended for young women who are having sex for the first time. The future of HPV vaccine should be promising. What we can do now is to perform regular gynecological checkups and cervical cancer prevention examinations on time, give full play to the early warning role of cervical cytology screening in cervical precancer and cervical cancer, perform HPV screening and monitoring appropriately, and actively treat cervical precancerous lesions. We firmly believe that in the near future, we can really achieve the reduction and control of cervical cancer through prevention and treatment of HPV. Let’s take a long road together, my peers!