Lumbar disc herniation is a syndrome caused by the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (consisting of the nucleus pulposus, fibrous ring and cartilage plate) and the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus irritating or compressing the nerve roots and cauda equina nerve. It is one of the most common causes of low back pain and is a common clinical degenerative disease of the spine.
The main symptoms are low back pain, sciatica, numbness in the lower limbs and cauda equina syndrome.