With the improvement of living standards and the aging of the population, the incidence of osteoporosis in China is rapidly increasing. However, people’s understanding of osteoporosis is very poor, and misconceptions such as “osteoporosis is due to calcium deficiency” and “calcium supplementation can cure osteoporosis” are still common. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis can not follow the advertising osteoporosis refers to the reduction of the number of bone tissue in each unit. Bone tissue is made up of bone cells and bone matrix. Osteocytes are responsible for the metabolism of bone, while the bone matrix is the interstitial matrix of osteocytes, which forms the framework of bone. The bone matrix is divided into organic and inorganic components, with about 90% of the major organic component being collagen. These collagens are interwoven to form a three-dimensional framework, like the steel reinforcement in a prefabricated panel. The main component of inorganic matter is calcium salts (hydroxyapatite crystals), which are deposited in an orderly manner along the collagen, like concrete in a precast panel. When osteoporosis occurs, not only are the calcium salts reduced, but the collagen component is also reduced. Some advertisements promote that calcium supplementation can prevent and control osteoporosis, which is incorrect. To properly prevent and control osteoporosis, it is better to listen to the advice of experts. To check osteoporosis, two tests should be done. Patients suspected of osteoporosis should have two tests, namely laboratory tests and imaging tests. Laboratory tests include blood tests and urine tests, and imaging tests include X-rays, dual-energy bone density, ultrasound, quantitative CT, etc. However, the international and Chinese medical associations still use the criteria of dual-energy bone density as the basis for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.