With the aging of society’s population, there are currently about 80 million people in China suffering from different degrees of osteoporosis. Fracture is often the first symptom of osteoporosis or the reason for seeking medical attention, and the incidence of fracture in osteoporosis patients is about 20%, and vertebral compression fracture is an important complication of osteoporosis. Back pain”, “hunchback” and “shortening” in the elderly are actually typical symptoms of osteoporosis. As we age, osteoporosis worsens, vertebral fractures lead to a shorter and more pronounced spine and increased dorsal curvature, resulting in scoliosis or hunchback, and when the hunchback is severe, the knee joint also becomes significantly contracted, shortening the height by an average of 5-10 cm. Vertebral fracture and kyphosis not only make daily activities such as walking and reaching for objects difficult, persistent back pain, loss of appetite and sleep difficulties, but may also affect the respiratory function of the elderly, as the thoracic deformity caused by hunchback reduces lung capacity and patients often experience symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea, resulting in an increased incidence of emphysema. Over time, patients with multiple spinal fractures may even develop pulmonary dysfunction, which may even lead to the patient’s death as a result.” The cause of the occurrence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: they are caused by a decrease in bone density and bone strength, and the skeletal system that supports human tissues can suffer from both fragility fractures under minor external forces, such as coughing, sneezing, bending over to pick something up, reaching for something or carrying some object, etc. Some patients do not even have a history of trauma, which can easily be missed or misdiagnosed. Patients often consider back pain as a normal phenomenon of aging and ignore the symptoms of fracture, thus delaying the time of treatment. Note: For elderly people with severe back pain after coughing, sneezing, reaching for objects, or defecating, 80% of the time a vertebral fracture may have occurred, and the pain will usually decrease after a few days, at which point most patients will think there is no more problem and start getting up and moving around. However, because the fracture has not healed, many people will experience increased pain and collapse of the spine fracture or even cause spinal deformity, which can have a greater impact on their function. In addition, the symptoms of a spinal fracture can be easily confused with other back problems and therefore can be easily overlooked by patients. To determine if a fracture has occurred: sudden onset of low back pain that is worse when standing, less pain when lying in bed, less pain during the day and more pain at night. This is when you need to go to a regular hospital promptly. The diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture mainly relies on the patient’s age, medical history and imaging examinations, such as X-ray, CT and MRI examinations, of which MRI examination is the most reliable indicator for determining osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture in the elderly. Treatment of vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis: traditional treatment is long-term bed rest plus non-steroidal drug therapy, but long-term bed rest can lead to increased osteoporosis and complications, and increased osteoporosis is prone to fracture, thus entering a vicious circle. Here we introduce a newest treatment method: vertebroplasty. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive interventional procedure, performed without surgery and under local anesthesia. A special puncture needle is used to penetrate directly into the diseased vertebrae through the skin, and then bone cement is injected into the diseased vertebrae. Patients are able to move around on the ground the day after surgery, with significant reduction in low back pain and an average admission time of 5 days. This treatment method breaks the old adage of 100 days for injury.