Kidney stones are stones that occur in the kidneys and are one of the most common diseases in urology. The incidence is higher in the south than in the north. The age range of incidence is large and can be seen in children, youth, prime age and old age. The ratio of male to female is 3:1-9:1, and middle-aged and young people account for 80%. The common symptoms are lumbar pain and hematuria, which mainly manifest as pain, soreness and discomfort in the lumbar region, etc. Some patients have stones that slip into the ureter and cause severe colic. Kidney stones may block the urinary tract and obstruct urine discharge, causing pain, hydronephrosis, and in severe cases, renal insufficiency. There are many causes of kidney stones, mainly systemic metabolic factors, local factors in the urinary tract, environmental and dietary factors. The human body carries away the waste formed by the body’s metabolism through urination. Urine contains various acidic substances (hydrogen ions, lactic acid, glucuronic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, etc.) and various salts (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonia, chloride, etc.). The human kidneys can cause these substances to be excreted from the body in a dissolved state. However, if the urine is too little, crystals will form from the less soluble of these substances, such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. The crystals continue to grow and eventually develop into clinically significant kidney stones. Clinically, stones are usually classified into five major categories: calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, and cystine stones. Kidney stones can be diagnosed by urine x-ray and ultrasound, and the treatment is relatively clear. If you have back pain and urine with the color of washed flesh, you should go to the urology department as soon as possible.