Hydrocephalus preferred surgical treatment Children are the hope of their parents, the sun in their hearts, and every parent wants their children to be healthy and happy. However, when a child has been examined and diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus, it is important to seek medical attention in time to find out a reasonable treatment plan, and if the condition is serious, do not hold any illusions and delay the treatment. So far, for congenital hydrocephalus in children, surgical treatment is still the preferred option. Surgery for hydrocephalus in infants and children should be done from the least invasive procedure. The key to surgery is to choose the procedure according to the etiology of hydrocephalus. For hydrocephalus formed by stenosis of the middle cerebral aqueduct or arachnoid cyst, it is recommended to first use soft neuroelectroventricular endoscopy, dilation of the middle cerebral aqueduct stenosis or stenting of the middle cerebral aqueduct under soft neuroelectroventricular endoscopy to clear the middle cerebral aqueduct to solve the hydrocephalus problem, or to perform third ventriculostomy or arachnoid cyst ventriculoscopic windowing and internal drainage. For children with traffic hydrocephalus or those for whom ventriculoscopic internal drainage is not effective, ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the only way to relieve hydrocephalus. Sometimes the hydrocephalus is so severe that the parenchymal part of the brain is very thin at the time of the child’s visit. In this case, the risk of doing a normal shunt is quite high, which can easily cause intracranial hemorrhage and disability, or even death. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the adjustable pressure shunt system for surgery to avoid postoperative complications. After hydrocephalus is treated, the neurological function of the child will be gradually restored. With early detection and treatment, most of the children have good results and can achieve the same intellectual as well as growth development as normal children. Since the introduction of the first neurosoft endoscope in China, the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital has performed neurosoft endoscopic dilatation of the midbrain aqueduct and implantation of midbrain aqueduct stent for 56 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, achieving a 95% cure rate and avoiding the pain of obstruction, infection, dislodgement and repeated drainage tube replacement due to ventriculoperitoneal drainage.