1, who are susceptible to chronic hepatitis B infection People are very afraid when it comes to hepatitis B, always worried that they are infected with hepatitis B. How is hepatitis B contagious? Who is susceptible to hepatitis B infection? The blood of hepatitis B patients is the most contagious, and semen and vaginal secretions are also contagious. So blood transfusions, unsafe injections all carry the risk of contracting hepatitis B. Sexual contact can also infect hepatitis B. The hepatitis B virus can also be transmitted from the mother or father, to the child, and especially the mother has the greatest risk of transmitting it to the child. Therefore, the following people are at high risk of hepatitis B virus infection and need to be screened for hepatitis B virus: (1) People with a history of close contact with hepatitis B patients: People with hepatitis B in the family, especially parents, siblings who are hepatitis B virus positive, spouses or children who are hepatitis B virus positive should be checked for hepatitis B infection. If a colleague or friend in your daily work and life has hepatitis B, the risk of being infected is not significant. (2) People who have had blood or blood products transfused: Although the safety of blood transfusion has now been given more and more attention, blood transfusion still carries the risk of infection with hepatitis B virus, and people with a history of blood transfusion years ago are at greater risk of hepatitis B infection; blood transfusion includes not only blood cells and plasma, but also blood products, such as plasma, albumin, immunoglobulin, clotting factors, etc. (3) People with a history of unsafe injections: This includes people who use drugs and also people who repeatedly undergo hemodialysis. (4) People with a history of prostitution, homosexuality or multiple sexual partners. (5) People who are at risk of occupational exposure: doctors, nurses, testers, blood bank staff, etc. In addition, to prevent the spread of hepatitis B virus and medical safety, the following groups of people also need to be screened for hepatitis B virus: (1) Patients preparing for surgical treatment and before transfusion and blood product treatment (2) Couples preparing for pregnancy, pregnant women, and couples preparing for assisted reproduction (IVF) treatment (3) Those who are ready to donate blood or provide organ transplant donors Frequently Asked Questions: (1) If the mother is infected with the hepatitis B virus, must the child also be infected? Mother-to-child transmission is one of the major routes of transmission of hepatitis B virus, but nowadays, more than 90% of infants of hepatitis B positive mothers are not infected by hepatitis B virus through a combination of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin blockade applied after birth. (2) What can be done to block the transmission of hepatitis B virus through sexual intercourse? In fact, it is very simple to stop the transmission of hepatitis B virus infection through sexual intercourse. The use of condoms and hepatitis B vaccination can effectively prevent hepatitis B virus infection. (3) Can a mother who is positive for hepatitis B virus breastfeed her newborn? If the newborn is injected with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth, the hepatitis B positive mother can breastfeed her newborn. 2, what is e antigen positive and e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B We know that the hepatitis B virus has five serum markers, surface antigen, surface antibody, e antigen, e antibody and core antibody, commonly known as “hepatitis B two to half”. We classify chronic hepatitis B into e antigen-positive and e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B according to whether the patient is e antigen-positive or negative, where e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B is commonly known as “major triple-positive” hepatitis and e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B is commonly known as “minor triple-positive” hepatitis. “The difference between e antigen-positive and e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B What is the significance of distinguishing between e antigen positive and e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B? (1) E antigen can reflect the body’s immune status to the hepatitis B virus, to see how far the hepatitis B virus infection has developed: in the long-term “struggle” between the human immune system and the hepatitis B virus, most “major triple-positive” patients with hepatitis B virus is suppressed, e antigen In some patients, the level of virus in the body is not reduced, but the e antigen has also turned negative, or some patients are active again after years of chronic hepatitis B quiescence, which is the result of the virus evading immune clearance and mutation. Therefore, in the process of hepatitis B virus infection, “major triple-positive” hepatitis often occurs during the immune clearance phase (relatively early) in the natural history of hepatitis B infection, while “minor triple-positive” hepatitis often occurs during the reactive phase of hepatitis B infection (relatively late). (2) Different disease characteristics and outcomes: In “major triple-positive” hepatitis, the body’s immune tolerance to the hepatitis B virus has not completely disappeared, immune tolerance can protect liver cells from viral destruction, and “major triple-positive” hepatitis is usually caused by the common hepatitis B virus. The immune tolerance has disappeared and the infection is caused by mutated hepatitis B virus, so the effect of antiviral treatment is maintained for a short period of time, the relapse rate is high, the durable response rate is low, and the clearance is much longer than that of “small triple-positive” hepatitis. It is more difficult to clear than “major triple-positive” hepatitis, and it is more difficult to determine the criteria for discontinuation of antiviral therapy; “minor triple-positive” hepatitis, because the disease is insidious and the lesions accumulate gradually, can be “asymptomatic” or “mild hepatitis”. The rate of cirrhosis is higher because of the insidious disease and the gradual accumulation of lesions, which can progress to advanced liver disease in the process of “asymptomatic” or “mild hepatitis”.