As a general rule of stone formation, they have the basic processes of precipitation, precipitation, nucleation and accumulation growth of bile components. The pathogenesis includes the following elements: ① cholesterol or calcium in bile must be supersaturated; ② solutes must nucleate and precipitate as solid crystals from solution; ③ crystals must aggregate and fuse to form stones, crystals grow and collect in the mucus and gel spread throughout the gallbladder wall, and impaired gallbladder emptying facilitates gallstone formation. The mechanism of cholesterol stone formation in the gallbladder is complex and is generally considered to be the result of three factors: (1) disturbance of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the cholesterol dissolution system; (2) abnormal biliary tract motility dynamics; and (3) imbalance of the kinetics of pro- and anti-nucleation factors in bile. Depending on the location of stones, they are classified as gallbladder stones, intrahepatic bile duct stones, and common bile duct stones. From the national survey results in the early 1980s, the incidence of gallbladder stones was about 52.8%, intrahepatic bile duct stones was 36.2%, and common bile duct stones was 11%. Among gallstones patients, there are significantly more women than men, and they are commonly found in obese people over 40 years of age. Depending on the chemical composition of the stones, they usually include cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones, or a mixture of the two.