(1) Pain: pain is the most common and main symptom of osteoporosis, mostly seen in the low back. (2) Height shortening and hunchback: it is caused by the deformation of vertebrae due to osteoporosis and is one of the important clinical signs. (3) Fracture: the most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture. Common sites include the hip, thoracolumbar spine, distal radius, proximal humerus and ankle.