Diet and nutrition and living arrangements are important elements of the basic treatment of viral hepatitis, and are also one of the important measures to promote recovery. In the past, the dietary arrangement of viral hepatitis patients was basically designed according to the “three highs and one low” proposed by Dr. Batiuk, that is, high protein, high sugar, high vitamin and low fat. This approach was effective in protecting the damaged liver and assisting liver cell repair, but it had shortcomings. This concept has been revised in modern times. The living and working arrangements of patients with viral hepatitis should not be neglected. It is not possible to emphasize bed rest or to engage in various physical activities without rest. This is not conducive to the improvement of the disease, and can even cause the deterioration of the disease. Marriage and fertility issues, especially in patients with viral hepatitis B and C, are even more complicated. If not handled properly, it will not only affect the patient’s own health and life, but will also have a negative impact on the health of the offspring’s children and may lead to certain family problems. One, reasonable nutrition and dietary arrangements 1, adequate protein One of the main functions of the liver is the synthesis and secretion of plasma albumin. Normal people synthesize about 10 to 16g of plasma albumin every day, which is secreted into the blood circulation and plays an important function. Liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, ethanol and drug intoxication, cause abnormalities in the process of protein synthesis and secretion by liver cells, resulting in lower plasma albumin levels, which in turn affects the repair and function of various tissues and organs in the body. The half-life of normal human albumin is 20 to 60 days. It has been demonstrated that even if the production of albumin stops completely, after 8 days, the concentration of plasma albumin decreases by only 25%. Therefore, in acute liver injury (including acute viral hepatitis), plasma albumin levels do not decrease significantly. However, in chronic liver injury (including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis), only 3.5-5.9 g of plasma albumin can be synthesized daily. Therefore, abundant exogenous albumin must be provided to compensate for liver tissue repair and function and to improve the need for albumin. It is generally accepted that at least 1.5 to 2 g/kg of protein should be provided daily, but not in an uncontrolled manner. Because protein in food can be decomposed by intestinal bacteria to produce ammonia and other harmful substances, which induce and aggravate hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy should strictly limit the intake of protein, after the patient is awake, give 0.5g/kg of protein per day, if well tolerated, it can be increased to 1.0g/kg per day, 40-50g per day. animal protein is better than dairy products, because dairy products produce the least ammonia, eggs are the second, and meat is more. The advantages of vegetable protein: (1) contains less aromatic amino acids and sulfur amino acids; (2) rich in fiber, can adjust the intestinal flora on the role of nitrogen metabolism, promote intestinal peristalsis; (3) plant protein in a certain amino acid has a potential role in reducing ammonia production. Plant proteins are mainly derived from soybeans. The protein content in several common foods is listed in the following table for reference. 2, moderate carbohydrates (sugars) The main function of sugars is to supply the energy needed for life activities. It is known that 1g of sugar in the body completely oxidation decomposition, can produce 4.1 kcal of heat energy. The body needs 50-70% of the heat energy is provided by the oxidative decomposition of sugar. In patients with acute hepatitis, when the digestive tract symptoms are obvious and little food is eaten, some high sugar food can be given, and even 10% glucose solution can be input intravenously to ensure the caloric energy needed by the patient in daily life. Meanwhile, the liver can convert the glucose absorbed from the digestive tract into glycogen, and the abundant liver glycogen can promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells and enhance the resistance to infections and toxins. However, it is not easy to consume too much sugar. After the intake of sugar to meet the synthesis of glycogen and other needs, the excess sugar will be synthesized into fat in the liver and stored in the liver. If the storage amount is too much, it may cause fatty liver. In addition, excessive sugar intake may lead to pancreatic beta cell overload and dysfunction, resulting in food-borne diabetes. The main sources of carbohydrates are cereals, potatoes and legumes. 3, moderate fat The liver is an important organ for the digestion, absorption, decomposition, synthesis and transfer of lipids. When the liver dysfunction, the synthesis and secretion of bile will be reduced, and fat digestion will be poor, and symptoms such as aversion to grease will appear. Fatty diarrhea can also occur when too much fat is consumed. Therefore, fat intake should be limited, especially during the acute attack of hepatitis. But too little intake affects the appetite and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K, E and β-carotene, so it must be given the right amount of fat. 40-50g per day, accounting for 25-30% of total calories. To do is to eat less animal fat, should be mainly plant fat, such as sesame oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil, etc.. It contains more unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. These unsaturated fatty acids can not be synthesized in the body, must be supplied by food, so called essential fatty acids. In the absence of essential fatty acids, high-density lipoprotein synthesis is reduced, the liver fat transport is blocked, easy to form a fatty liver. 4, adequate vitamins Vitamins are low-molecular compounds necessary to maintain the normal life processes of the human body. They are not the raw materials of the tissue nor can they supply energy, but they are indispensable for the human body and have a very important role in material metabolism. For example, vitamin B1 can inhibit cholinesterase, reduce acetylcholine hydrolysis, increase gastrointestinal motility and glandular secretion, and help improve appetite and digestive function. Vitamin C can promote glycogen synthesis, enhance the body’s immunity, and has detoxification and anti-cancer effects. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that prevents the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and protects liver cell membranes and the microorganism membrane system within liver cells. Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors by the liver. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be provided by food. In viral hepatitis, the demand for vitamins increases for two main reasons: (1) the patient’s appetite decreases drastically due to indigestion and the intake of vitamins is insufficient; (2) the consumption of vitamins increases due to infection and fever, and the demand also increases. Therefore, viral hepatitis, especially when the disease is active, must be provided with abundant vitamins from outside the body, including from food. Vitamin C is widely found in fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables, as tomatoes, oranges and fresh dates are rich in it. Vitamin B1 is found mainly in foods such as rice bran, wheat bran, soybeans, yeast and lean meats. Vitamin E is abundant in vegetable oils such as wheat germ oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil, as well as in walnuts, pumpkin seeds, pine seeds, wood ear and egg yolk. Vitamin K1 is abundant in green leafy plants, such as alfalfa, spinach, etc. and animal liver. Vitamin K2 is a bacterial metabolite. The human intestinal bacteria can synthesize. 5, strictly forbidden to drink alcohol after drinking 80% of the ethanol intake through the stomach and small intestine absorption, 90-98% in the liver is oxidized into acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetaldehyde have damaging effects on the liver, can cause a series of metabolic changes, such as hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, acidosis, steatorrhea and hyperlipidemia, exacerbating the metabolic disorders of the liver, aggravating the liver cell lesions, which can form alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholism can also cause low cellular immune function and affect the ability of viral hepatitis patients (especially viral hepatitis B and C) to clear the virus, causing the disease to persist and develop into chronic hepatitis and post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Alcohol may also be an adjuvant carcinogen and may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of additional hepatitis B or C virus infection. Therefore, viral hepatitis should prohibit the consumption of alcohol. Second, proper rest and moderate activity Hepatitis patients with liver dysfunction, blood cholinesterase levels drop, causing neuromuscular physiological disorders. Glucose metabolism disorder makes lactic acid into liver glycogen process is delayed, and cause lactic acid accumulation, so the patient often accompanied by weakness, mental discomfort and double lower limbs soreness and heaviness and other symptoms. Patients often reduce their activities, which can lead to abdominal distension and constipation. Therefore, the patient’s life and activities should be arranged according to the condition. During the period of hepatitis symptoms, bed rest should be the main focus, especially for patients with jaundice. Bed rest should generally be continued until the symptoms and jaundice subside (serum bilirubin <20-30 μmol/L) before getting up and moving around. Initially, the patient can walk indoors, etc. Later, the scope and duration of activity can be gradually increased as symptoms and liver function improve and physical strength is restored. The amount of activity should be controlled in such a way that you do not feel fatigued after the activity. The purpose of bed rest is not only to reduce physical strength and caloric consumption, but also to reduce the burden on the liver due to excessive glycogen decomposition, protein decomposition and lactic acid formation after activity. At the same time, the blood flow to the liver increases significantly when lying in bed, which improves the supply of oxygen and nutrition to the liver and facilitates the repair of liver tissue damage. However, bed rest should not be overemphasized. If there is too little activity and excessive nutrition, weight gain can be sustained, and there is a possibility of fatty liver formation. After normal liver function, patients with common acute hepatitis still need to rest for 1 to 2 months, then engage in half-day work and transition to full-day work. 1 year to avoid heavy physical labor and strenuous exercise. After 1 to 2 years, the liver function continues to be normal and there are no obvious signs and symptoms, you can engage in normal life and work.