The treatment of specific types of kidney stones has always been the most difficult problem for urologists. With the development of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endoluminal urology techniques (ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy), the indications for open surgical stone extraction have been significantly reduced. When the clinical treatment of urinary stones has a variety of surgical options to choose from, there is an inevitable controversy whether to use minimally invasive surgery for special cases or not, and the following cases were once listed as contraindications to PCNL. Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of endoluminal instruments and the accumulation of surgeons’ experience, some special types of stones can be treated by minimally invasive lithotripsy. Contraindications to PCNL: Uncorrected systemic bleeding disorders. Severe heart disease and pulmonary insufficiency that prevents the procedure from being performed. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Those with a pelvic wandering kidney or severe renal prolapse. Those with severe kyphosis or scoliosis deformity of the spine, extreme obesity or inability to tolerate prone position are also relative contraindications. Those taking anticoagulant drugs such as aspirin and warfarin need to stop taking them for 2 weeks and recheck the coagulation function before the procedure can be performed.