Ovarian tumors are one of the common tumors of the female genitalia, and ovarian cysts are a type of ovarian tumor in the broad sense. Ovarian cysts are a type of ovarian tumor in the broad sense. They can affect women of all ages, but are most common in women aged 20-50. Ovarian malignancy is one of the most serious malignant tumors that threaten women’s lives. The exact mechanism of ovarian cyst formation is not known. Functional cysts are caused by ovulatory dysfunction associated with endocrine disorders and usually disappear spontaneously within three months. About 5-10% of ovarian cancer patients have a genetic predisposition. Common ovarian cysts include plasmacytotic and mucinous cystadenomas of epithelial origin, ovarian cystic teratomas of germ cell origin; ovarian endometriotic cysts also known as chocolate cysts. Ovarian cysts are mostly asymptomatic in the early stages and are most often found when patients seek medical attention for other diseases or during health check-ups. If the cyst affects hormone secretion, symptoms such as irregular menstruation or increased body hair may occur; ovarian chocolate cysts mostly present with menstrual abdominal pain and painful intercourse; if the cyst is twisted or ruptured, severe abdominal pain, nausea and fever may occur. Larger cysts can compress the bladder or rectum, causing frequent urination and difficulty in urination and defecation. Because the ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity, early diagnosis is difficult and 70% of ovarian cancer patients are already in advanced stages when they are diagnosed. Therefore, regular health checkups are an important way to detect ovarian tumors early. Ovarian cysts larger than 5 cm in diameter found and observed to persist for 4-8 weeks should be treated surgically, and postmenopausal women can undergo surgery directly. If the tumor is cystic solid or has endogenous papillae and significantly elevated tumor markers, it is more likely to be malignant or junctional and should be operated on as soon as possible. For benign ovarian cysts in young women, cyst debridement is mostly performed, and in older women, adnexal resection is mostly performed. Laparoscopic surgery is favored by patients for its small trauma, fast recovery, beautiful abdomen, and few postoperative adhesions. If malignancy is suspected, intraoperative freezing can quickly determine the nature of the tumor and take the appropriate surgical measures.