Due to the influence of disease factors such as pediatric rabies, it causes the appearance of mania alternating with lethargy and abnormal crankiness during the attack. The incubation period varies in length from 4 days to 19 years, with the majority within 1 year. The factors affecting the incubation period are age (shorter in children), wound site (early onset on the head and face), wound nature (shorter in deep bites) and the number of invading viruses, virulence and host defense mechanism. So, from which aspects of the symptoms of alternating mania and lethargy do we have to prevent it? 1, control and eliminate the source of infection: strengthen the management of dogs and other dogs, wild dogs should be trapped and killed as far as possible, domestic dogs should be registered and vaccinated. Rabid dogs should be shot immediately, burned or buried deeply, and not skinned. If you are not sure that the dog is rabid, you should observe it in isolation for 10 days and take the brain tissue of the animal that died during the shooting or isolation period for pathogenic examination. 2.Vaccination: It is one of the important measures to prevent and control rabies. 3, injection of immune serum: WHO recommends that the vaccination at the same time injection of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), the dose of 20U/kg (horse rabies immunoglobulin dose of 40U/kg), the first skin test, a negative injection or half of the dose in the wound around the infiltration injection, the other half amount of intramuscular injection. Positive skin tests require desensitization (0.05 ml diluted 20-fold, 0.05 ml diluted 10-fold, 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.5 ml, undiluted antiserum injected subcutaneously respectively, each time observed for 15 min) before injection. It is now believed that the local presence of the virus is not the only factor leading to differences in clinical manifestations, and that humoral and cell-mediated immunity are protective early on, but when the virus enters the nerve cells in large numbers, then there is a relationship between immune-mediated damage and morbidity. Death is delayed in immunosuppressed mice after rabies virus inoculation, and accelerated after passive input of immune serum or immune cells.