Rabies is a zoonotic acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by rabies virus. The disease was once called hydrophobia because of the prominent clinical manifestation of fear of drinking water in rabies patients, but this feature is not present in affected animals. The main clinical manifestations are characteristic mania, fear of restlessness, fear of wind and water, salivation and pharyngeal muscle spasms, and eventually life-threatening paralysis. Due to the influence of disease factors such as pediatric rabies, mania and lethargy alternate, and episodes of rage are abnormal. What are the important preventive measures for alternating mania and lethargy symptoms? 1. Vaccination against rabies virus: At present, cell culture vaccines are mainly used, including: ① Human diploid cell rabies vaccine (humandiploidcell, HDCV): strong immunogenicity, few adverse reactions, few injections, but difficult to prepare and expensive. ②Primary gopher kidney cell rabies vaccine: the potency is above 2.5U, and it is safe to use. ③Refined Vero rabies vaccine: immunogenicity and adverse reactions are similar to ①, but the price is low. Others are refined chicken embryo rabies vaccine, refined duck embryo rabies vaccine and primary bovine renal cell rabies vaccine. 2. Pre-exposure immunization: Targeted at persons with occupational risk, laboratory workers exposed to rabies virus and persons in close contact with rabies patients. The recommended vaccination regimen is 2 doses on days 0 and 28 and 3 doses on days 0, 7 and 28 or 0, 28 and 56, with 1.0 ml intramuscular or deep subcutaneous injection or 0.1 ml intradermal injection each time. 3. Post-exposure immunization: The standard immunization regimen recommended by WHO (HDCV vaccine) is 1 ml each intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28, with a booster on day 90. The adjuvant gopher kidney cell vaccine is recommended in a 2-1-1 procedure, i.e. 2 doses (2 ml) intramuscularly on the same day, and 1 ml intramuscularly on days 7 and 21. injection sites are taken into the deltoid muscle in adults and into the anterolateral aspect of the leg in children. It is not advisable to vaccinate the arm.