What are the complications associated with gallstones after surgery? Acute infection of the biliary tract due to gallstones is a very common clinical emergency abdominal condition. The vast majority of patients often require surgical treatment to cure gallstones. For the surgical treatment of cholelithiasis, it is recommended to operate when the patient does not have any clinical manifestations, so that the intraoperative inflammation is less severe, the operation time is shorter, the patient recovers faster after the operation, and there are relatively few complications. However, because gallstone patients usually do not have any clinical manifestations, once acute inflammation occurs it is often necessary to bring the inflammation under control before surgical treatment. Emergency surgery can result in serious complications such as intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative bowel injury, postoperative bile leak, and delayed bleeding from the postoperative abdominal trauma. For patients with gallbladder stones post-surgery may present with common clinical manifestations such as abdominal distention, belching, dyspepsia, and diarrhea. For patients with bile duct stones at present, although minimally invasive surgery is less invasive, the operation time is shorter, and the patient recovers faster after surgery. However, they still face complications such as postoperative biliary bleeding, acute pancreatitis, and bile duct injury. Therefore, adequate preoperative assessment of the patient’s physical condition, careful intraoperative operation and fine postoperative management are the key factors to reduce the complications after biliary surgery.