Some patients worry that they will be “castrated” into men after the removal of both ovaries. Obviously, this concern is superfluous because oophorectomy is not a sex change operation and the decline in ovarian function only means that the patient will experience early menopausal symptoms, just like a woman who goes through menopause naturally, but never becomes a man. So, when is it necessary to remove the ovaries? At present, it is considered that the ovaries should be removed in the following cases: 1. ovarian cancer, whether primary or metastatic, both ovaries should be removed; 2. cervical cancer; 3. endometrial cancer, one ovary can be preserved in young patients under close follow-up; 4. ovarian distention, tubo-ovarian hydrocele; 5. huge chocolate cysts in the ovaries, or when there is a possibility of malignancy; 6. women who have been menopausal for more than 3 to 5 years and are undergoing gynecological surgery 7. Smaller benign ovarian tumors can be removed to preserve the normal ovarian tissue, but if the tumor is large and cannot be easily removed, the affected ovary should be removed; 8. In conclusion, the decision of whether to remove or preserve one or both ovaries, or to perform tumor or cyst exfoliation is based on the benignity and malignancy of the ovarian lesion, age, the amount of normal ovarian tissue remaining, whether it is functional, whether it will recur, the gynecologic surgeon’s knowledge of the ovaries, the level of surgical technique, the patient’s wishes, and the family’s request. In addition, it should be noted that in some areas surgeons perform a lot of obstetrical and gynecological surgery, but surgeons do not understand the role of ovaries and the principles of their removal, so many women have their ovaries removed under the surgeon’s knife for no reason and for no apparent reason, causing lifelong regret for the individual and the couple. Therefore, it is advisable to advocate that ovarian lesions be handled carefully by obstetricians and gynecologists, and that it is inappropriate for surgeons to deal with obstetric and gynecological diseases.