HPV is a virus known as Human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 subtypes of HPV have been identified, of which more than 30 are associated with cervical infections and lesions. Other types infect epithelial mucosal cells of the skin and oropharynx, etc., causing common warts (wart), plantar warts, flat warts, and warty epidermal dyskeratosis. HPV is classified into high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV according to the risk of carcinogenesis. low-risk HPV infection mainly causes wart-like lesions and CINI (mild atypical hyperplasia); high-risk HPV infection mainly causes CI N II-III (moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia) and the occurrence of cervical cancer. The transmission route of HPV infection: 70% is due to sexual contact transmission; 30% non-sexual contact transmission – object contact, medical, mother-to-child transmission, smoke transmission, and auto-inoculation transmission. Humans are the only hosts of HPV (humans and animals do not cross-infect). HPV infection in the female genital tract can have the following clinical manifestations: (1) no symptoms or signs, (2) genital warts, (3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (i.e., atypical hyperplasia/pre-cancerous lesions), and (4) cervical cancer. Most HPV infections are “transient”, “transient HPV carrier status”, meaning that most can clear on their own, for an average of 8 months. Only persistent HPV infection leads to CIN or cancer, generally averaging 8-24 months for CINI, CIN II and CIN III, and another 8-12 years for invasive cancer. Not all HPV infections and CIN will progress to cancer, which depends on three main factors: viral factors, host factors and environmental synergistic factors. Viral factors mainly depend on the type of HPV, in addition, the level of HPV DNA content and the time of first HPV infection are also important, because the degree of atypical nucleus proliferation aggravates with the continuous viral infection. Host factors are mainly immune function, followed by the number of births, hormones and nutritional status. Environmental cofactors including co-infection with other sexually transmitted pathogens such as HSV2 and CT also influence the risk of lesion progression. 60% of CIN I degenerates, 10% progresses, 30% persists and 1% develops invasive cancer; 40% of CIN II degenerates, 20% progresses, 30% persists and 5% develops invasive cancer; 30% of CIN III degenerates and >12% progresses to invasive cancer. The occurrence of cervical cancer is a gradual accumulation process as described above: CINI, CIN II and CIN III can occur in an average of 8-24 months with general persistent HPV infection, and then invasive cancer can occur in an average of 8-12 years. (Our cancer society recommends: HPV for 2 consecutive times – 6 months interval, testing positive for HPV is considered as persistent infection, and the first positive test over 30 years old can be regarded as persistent infection and should be given high priority). HPV infection is a necessary condition (not the only factor) for the development of cervical cancer. HPV is the only fully identifiable oncogenic virus in the development of human carcinomas. Cervical cancer is the only one of all human malignancies that has a clear cause. Prevention of HPV infection can prevent cervical cancer, and there is already an HPV vaccine (not available in China for the time being). However, HPV vaccine can only prevent several common subtypes of HPV infection, not all HPV, and it can only prevent but not treat, i.e. it cannot treat the existing infection and cannot reverse the CIN that has already occurred. For HPV infection there is no specific treatment drug, but the commonly used interferon and povidone have some effect. If you have any questions, you can contact me for one-on-one consultation by applying for the telephone consultation service, and I can give you specific guidance through telephone communication.