What is perimenopause? It refers to the period when women move from a period of high fertility to a period of decline, which is commonly known as “menopause”. A woman, after 30-40 years of cyclical menstruation from puberty, enters perimenopause as her ovarian function begins to decline and her body’s original endocrine system becomes disrupted. Perimenopause can be generally divided into three stages: premenopause, menopause and postmenopause. The World Health Organization Menopause Study Group has made the following comments on the definition of menopause and late menopause: 1. Menopause refers to the period before menopause and near menopause, when the endocrine activity of the ovaries decreases, fertility decreases, and the menstrual cycle changes and various symptoms begin to appear. 2. Menopause refers to the permanent cessation of menstruation caused by the loss of follicular activity in the ovaries. 3. Postmenopause refers to the period after the complete cessation of menstruation. Generally speaking, premenopause begins around age 45 and lasts for 2-4 years before entering menopause. Natural menopause lasts for 1 year before it is called menopause. Late menopause lasts for 6-8 years. Therefore, the entire perimenopausal period is 8-12 years. How can women go through perimenopause smoothly and easily? First of all, we need to understand the physiological and psychological changes of perimenopause. Due to the unstable vasodilator function during perimenopause, symptoms such as paroxysmal hot flashes, redness, sweating, etc.; and due to the decrease of estrogen during perimenopause: atrophy of reproductive organs, low vaginal discharge, local dryness and discomfort during intercourse, as well as osteoporosis symptoms such as soreness of the back, limbs and joints, and diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary heart disease. The chances of malignant tumors occurring in perimenopausal women increase, and the common ones are cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc. The mental and psychological changes involved are emotional instability, irritability and suspiciousness, and significant recent memory loss. Based on the above-mentioned situation, from what aspects should we start the health care work? 1, to correctly understand the discomfort of the perimenopause. The arrival of perimenopause is an irreversible natural law, we should take it in stride and maintain a good attitude, so as to reduce the symptoms of perimenopause, but also to facilitate family harmony. 2, adjust the diet structure, appropriate to increase the amount of activity. As we age, the basal metabolic rate gradually decreases, which requires us to: (1) in the diet should be mainly cereals, milk, eat more vegetable protein and less animal protein, eat more fish and seafood and less salty, too sweet food. Because from the perimenopause intestinal calcium absorption is reduced, urinary calcium excretion increased calcium needs to increase, the first should be added to the diet of dairy products (100ml milk contains 100mg of elemental calcium), generally best taken 1 hour before bedtime (at this time intestinal peristalsis is reduced to help the absorption of calcium; in addition, milk is rich in lysine helps to improve insomnia; also helps to stabilize the mood). (2) Appropriate to increase the amount of exercise. Exercise can make the body metabolism increase, enhance physical fitness, reduce blood lipids, improve resistance, improve blood flow to the brain, in addition, exercise can also stimulate the growth of osteoblasts to prevent osteoporosis. (3) To keep the vulva clean to prevent the occurrence of senile vaginitis. (4) Pay attention to irregular vaginal bleeding during perimenopause. This period is a good age for tumors, so you should have regular medical checkups and receive screening for gynecological diseases and tumors. (5) Prevention and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, etc. For women whose perimenopausal symptoms obviously affect their daily life, oral micro-estrogens can be considered to improve the quality of life of such patients, but it should be noted that the medication must be used under the guidance of a doctor. To sum up, due to the decline of ovarian function in perimenopausal women, some uncomfortable symptoms and diseases will occur. As long as you understand correctly, maintain optimism, pay attention to diet and exercise, and have regular medical checkups, you will surely pass through perimenopause with relative ease, and achieve the goal of preventing diseases and living a long and healthy life.